Substantiation of the construction of the mower for the I-II stages of breeding works

Abstract

Complex mechanization of selection and experimental works allow to significantly increase the volume of obtaining high-quality seeds and improve the efficiency of all breeding activities. During the harvesting of crops, from the plots everyday up to 5000 items in bunches and up to 1500 pieces of beets are harvested. The total weight of the harvest per day is within 500 kg. Harvesting of plants from the plots of the first stage is carried out manually by cutting the plants with a sickle, scissors or pulling out with the root system. The number of samples requiring analysis for the season is estimated by many thousands, for example, only in selection nurseries are prepared for each crop up to 15-20 thousand plants. This is the most time-consuming operation in breeding. The number of plots in the II stage also reaches several thousand pieces for each crop. The attempt to mechanize the cleaning of single-breed plots at the I-II stages, both in Russia and abroad, has not yet yielded results for mass and effective application. In this regard, the VIM started developing a new domestic technical means for harvesting grain crops at the I-II stage of breeding in 2011 to reduce the cost of the technological process in primary seed production using elements of existing mowers and trimmers. Prototype of the new mowers under the brand name ТС-0,2 was made by MZOK VIM plant. Taking into account the accumulated experience in the study of the ТС-0.2, in 2017, the work on its modernization was carried out in the VIM. In addition to the elimination of deficiencies in the design introduced additional elements to improve the work such as the table-flooring for cut stems. The technical parameters of the trimmer are justified on the basis of physical and mechanical, dimensional and morphological properties and characteristics of the stem of the selection crops, the size of the selection plots and the size of the stems in a row. Harvesting machines of this type are quite popular, but, unfortunately, their production is not mass and this does not allow to organize their mass production.