The results of tests of devices for sunflower harvesting differing in design, the number of rows to be removed, the presence of the chopper stems in real economic conditions and machine testing stations.
The current paper has presented the study on theoretical dependences of the optimization parameter (the degree of transmission transparency) on the design factors of elastic-damping mechanism (EDM) in the transmission for tractors of small traction class (14 kN). The purpose of the study was to obtain a unified functional relationship that integrates early study results. The determination of a unified function was based on reaching a compromise by the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. With the help of the function, there have been obtained the dependences of the effect of EDM design factors on transmission processes when performing the main agricultural operations. Using a method based on finding a compromise solution (method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers), there have been substantiated design parameters of the elastic-damping mechanism in the tractor transmission and there has been identified an optimization parameter of the Lagrange function. For a better understanding of the obtained dependence, there has been carried out a three-dimensional visual analysis. Each factor used in the Lagrange function was a physical parameter of an elastic-damping mechanism. The resulting equation has given an opportunity to control mechanism parameters in natural operating conditions. The obtained Lagrange value has demonstrated that the mechanism absorbs 32% of fluctuations in the external traction load of a tractor, when working with the main agricultural tools.
To automate the process of harvesting crops, different types of harvesting machines are required. The most common type of machines used to automate ingathering are harvesters. The use of harvesters for collecting grain crops is rational in fields from 2 hectares. On smaller areas it is not profitable and difficult to apply. For applications in small areas, low-capacity harvesters with a throughput of the thresher up to 1 kg/s (small-sized) may be suitable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cushioning mass control system of a low-capacity unmanned combine harvester using computer simulation, as well as the simulation of directional stability and turning. To calculate vertical vibrations in the Matlab/Simulink software package, a model of a cushioning system for a wheeled agricultural combine was prepared. In the same software package, simulation of directional stability and turning implementation was carried out. The parameters of vibration displacement, vibration velocity and acceleration, as well as the vibration frequency indicators on the operator's seat are determined. Comparison of the simulation results of the initial and corrected direction of movement of the harvester showed that for this model the maximum deviation from the planned path is a maximum of 10%, which is within acceptable limits. The maximum deviation of the harvester from the course does not exceed the permissible values, which is acceptable accuracy to ensure directional stability.
Production and processing of lentil as a valuable leguminous crop with a high content of beneficial nutrients (fiber, protein, minerals and vitamins), a low glycemic index, and a low-calorie content (295 kcal per 100 grams of raw lentils) has great potential for domestic economy. The world market of lentil is analyzed, prospects for increasing the level of its use in domestic markets are identified. An evaluation of the crop processing by an extrusion method is given. The statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, information materials of Russian and foreign research organizations and companies are studied. The methods of complex structural-dynamic analysis and the expert-analytical method of data processing are used. It is found that lentils contain the largest amount of protein among the rest of the plants, which is a source of essential amino acids (isoleucine and lysine), and that the use of this crop in feed production along with soya bin is promising and appropriate. Based on the analysis of gross yields of lentil in federal districts of Russia in 2010-2019 and export supplies of the crop revealed that the domestic lentil export market expanded 6.1 times, but the country’s lentil consumption decreased 1.18 times. Thus, in the current economic conditions, the issue of finding the use of lentils as a raw export product and expanding the potential for using lentils in the domestic market is relevant. It is proposed to expand the possibilities of using lentils by extruding it, which will allow to have high quality products with good biological value and consumer properties on the domestic market.
In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.
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