Abstract:Published by the AIP PublishingArticles you may be interested in High-energy X-ray detection by hafnium-doped organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators prepared by sol-gel method Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 174104 (2014); 10.1063/1.4875025Cerium-doped barium halide scintillators for x-ray and γ -ray detections
“…This sharp peak was attributed to exciton emission from the inorganic layer according to the PL spectrum (Fig. 3) and the previous studies 21,26 . In addition, the emission from GSO:Ce at 434 nm was due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ as typical and reported earlier 27,28 .Figure 4Scintillation spectra of Phe and GSO:Ce under X-ray irradiation.
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Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…In addition to the unique optical properties such as electroluminescence 17 and distinguished optical nonlinearities 18 , scintillation properties of the hybrid compounds have been investigated under various types of radiation. Efficient scintillation owing to the exciton recombination in the inorganic layer was observed under proton, electron, and X-ray irradiations 19–21 .…”
We investigated scintillation properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds under gamma-ray and X-ray irradiation. A crystal of the hybrid compounds with phenethyl amine (17 × 23 × 4 mm) was successfully fabricated by the poor-solvent diffusion method. The bulk sample showed superior scintillation properties with notably high light yield (14,000 photons per MeV) under gamma-rays and very fast decay time (11 ns). The light yield was about 1.4 time higher than that of common inorganic material (GSO:Ce) confirmed under 137Cs and 57Co gamma-rays. In fact, the scintillation light yield was the highest among the organic–inorganic hybrid scintillators. Moreover, it is suggested that the light yield of the crystal was proportional with the gamma-ray energy across 122–662 keV. In addition, the scintillation from the crystal had a lifetime of 11 ns which was much faster than that of GSO:Ce (48 ns) under X-ray irradiation. These results suggest that organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds are promising scintillator for gamma-ray detection.
“…This sharp peak was attributed to exciton emission from the inorganic layer according to the PL spectrum (Fig. 3) and the previous studies 21,26 . In addition, the emission from GSO:Ce at 434 nm was due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ as typical and reported earlier 27,28 .Figure 4Scintillation spectra of Phe and GSO:Ce under X-ray irradiation.
…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 80%
“…In addition to the unique optical properties such as electroluminescence 17 and distinguished optical nonlinearities 18 , scintillation properties of the hybrid compounds have been investigated under various types of radiation. Efficient scintillation owing to the exciton recombination in the inorganic layer was observed under proton, electron, and X-ray irradiations 19–21 .…”
We investigated scintillation properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds under gamma-ray and X-ray irradiation. A crystal of the hybrid compounds with phenethyl amine (17 × 23 × 4 mm) was successfully fabricated by the poor-solvent diffusion method. The bulk sample showed superior scintillation properties with notably high light yield (14,000 photons per MeV) under gamma-rays and very fast decay time (11 ns). The light yield was about 1.4 time higher than that of common inorganic material (GSO:Ce) confirmed under 137Cs and 57Co gamma-rays. In fact, the scintillation light yield was the highest among the organic–inorganic hybrid scintillators. Moreover, it is suggested that the light yield of the crystal was proportional with the gamma-ray energy across 122–662 keV. In addition, the scintillation from the crystal had a lifetime of 11 ns which was much faster than that of GSO:Ce (48 ns) under X-ray irradiation. These results suggest that organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds are promising scintillator for gamma-ray detection.
“…Finally, the exciton lifetimes of perovskite halide materials are in few ns, which are comparable with Ce 3+ doped scintillators [83]. However, there were not much progress for the perovskite scintillators [21,151] while the materials are still the same since fifteen years ago, e.g., phenethylamine halides [153]. Until recently, we introduced other halide-perovskite single-crystal scintillators as potential scintillators [22,141].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, perovskite nanocrystals have shown remarkable electroluminescence, reaching record high efficiencies above 57 cd A −1 [149]. Some early works on SPP scintillators started fifteen years ago [150] but until now, the research has very slow progress [21,151]. Recently tested SPPs have shown good light yields at low temperatures, their efficiency decreases with temperature and room-temperature light yields are much less than the expected theoretical value for HOIPs.…”
Section: Perovskite Scintillators: Advantages and Limitationsmentioning
Trends in scintillators that are used in many applications, such as medical imaging, security, oil-logging, high energy physics and non-destructive inspections are reviewed. First, we address traditional inorganic and organic scintillators with respect of limitation in the scintillation light yields and lifetimes. The combination of high–light yield and fast response can be found in Ce 3 + , Pr 3 + and Nd 3 + lanthanide-doped scintillators while the maximum light yield conversion of 100,000 photons/MeV can be found in Eu 3 + doped SrI 2 . However, the fabrication of those lanthanide-doped scintillators is inefficient and expensive as it requires high-temperature furnaces. A self-grown single crystal using solution processes is already introduced in perovskite photovoltaic technology and it can be the key for low-cost scintillators. A novel class of materials in scintillation includes lead halide perovskites. These materials were explored decades ago due to the large X-ray absorption cross section. However, lately lead halide perovskites have become a focus of interest due to recently reported very high photoluminescence quantum yield and light yield conversion at low temperatures. In principle, 150,000–300,000 photons/MeV light yields can be proportional to the small energy bandgap of these materials, which is below 2 eV. Finally, we discuss the extraction efficiency improvements through the fabrication of the nanostructure in scintillators, which can be implemented in perovskite materials. The recent technology involving quantum dots and nanocrystals may also improve light conversion in perovskite scintillators.
“…In the setup of (b), scintillation light was detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT, Hamamatsu R7400P) with a probability of less than single photon detection, provided by a distance of several tens mm, between the scintillator and the PMT having an effective entrance window of 8 mm in diameter. A fast X-ray detector using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead bromide (PhE-PbBr 4 ) (Detector A in Table 1) was recently reported [5,6]. The name of PhE-PbBr 4 is abbreviation of (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 crystal (bis-(phenethylammonium) tetrabromoplumbate (II).…”
We have developed fast scintillation detectors for nuclear resonant scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation and a nuclear excited level existing in >30 keV. A fast x-ray detector using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead bromide (PhE-PbBr 4 ) had a dominant light emission with a fast decay time of 9.9 ns. An x-ray detector equipped with a 0.9-mm-thick PhEPbBr 4 crystal (size: ∼8 × 7 mm 2 ) was used to detect nuclear resonant scattering in 61 Ni (the first excited level: 67.41 keV; half-life: 5.3 ns). We could successfully record the decaying gamma rays emitted from 61 Ni with a relatively high detection efficiency of 24%. A lead-doped plastic scintillator (NE142, Pb ∼5 wt% doped) had been known to have a faster decay time of 1.7 ns. Following a test of a single NE142 detector, a four-channel NE142 detector was fabricated and successfully applied to the synchrotron-radiation based Mössbauer spectroscopy experiment on 61 Ni.
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