Fast scintillation detectors for high-energy X-ray region

Abstract

We have developed fast scintillation detectors for nuclear resonant scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation and a nuclear excited level existing in >30 keV. A fast x-ray detector using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead bromide (PhE-PbBr 4 ) had a dominant light emission with a fast decay time of 9.9 ns. An x-ray detector equipped with a 0.9-mm-thick PhEPbBr 4 crystal (size: ∼8 × 7 mm 2 ) was used to detect nuclear resonant scattering in 61 Ni (the first excited level: 67.41 keV; half-life: 5.3 ns). We could successfully record the decaying gamma rays emitted from 61 Ni with a relatively high detection efficiency of 24%. A lead-doped plastic scintillator (NE142, Pb ∼5 wt% doped) had been known to have a faster decay time of 1.7 ns. Following a test of a single NE142 detector, a four-channel NE142 detector was fabricated and successfully applied to the synchrotron-radiation based Mössbauer spectroscopy experiment on 61 Ni.

61Ni synchrotron radiation-based Mössbauer spectroscopy of nickel-based nanoparticles with hexagonal structure

“…The typical counting rate of NRS emitted from the scatterer Ni-V alloy in our system was 1.3 × 10 2 counts per seconds (cps) with a constant noise of 4 cps. This counting rate is more than twice high counting rate of 60 cps, that is the rate from the same Ni-V alloy obtained by a four-element fast scintillation detector for high-energy X-rays using the normal system with two X-ray windows between the scatterer and the detector 6 : one X-ray window was at the chamber for the scatterer and the other was at the package for the detector. The reason for this enhancement is the detection efficiency and solid angle from the scatterer.…”

“…As a result, the spectra of the non-enriched Ni metal and hcp-Ni nanoparticle powders were measured within 20 h by the X-ray windowless system, while the measuring time of the 61 Ni-enriched superconducting sample with a Ni content of 3% was 52 h by the normal system in ref. 6 . We note that further enhancement of counting rates will be achieved by the combination of this system and a detector for high-energy X-rays to detect the directly scattered X-rays, because the probability of direct scattering is more than seven times higher than that of internal conversion in 61 Ni.…”

“…For analysis, energy-domain Mössbauer spectroscopy is more intuitive than the time spectra of NFS. SR-based Mössbauer absorption spectroscopy is an energy-domain method that uses SR 5 6 . Furthermore, although it is only a technical point, we can perform this method with any bunch mode of SR except the all continuously filling mode, like the multi-bunch mode in SPring-8 (a SR facility in Japan), uniformly filling mode in European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, in France), and 1296 bunches mode in Advanced Photon Source (APS, in USA).…”

Characterizations of CsSrCl3:Ce Crystalline Scintillator

“…The detection technique plays an important role in various fields such as high-energy physics, (1) medical imaging, (2) well logging, (3) crystallography, (4) and national security. (5) The advancement of detector's performance has been realized through the discovery of new superior scintillators and the improvement of existing scintillators.…”

Synchrotron radiation-based Mössbauer spectra of 174Yb measured with internal conversion electrons

“…This means that if the detection efficiency for NRS of SR is improved, then the nuclides available for M€ ossbauer spectroscopy using SR are extended. 2,3 In 2009, an energy-domain method was reported, and 73 Ge SR-based M€ ossbauer spectroscopy using its 68.8 keV level was performed in 90 h as a feasibility study. 4 This method allows us to see the M€ ossbauer spectra in the energy region.…”