Submicron Fly Ash Penetration Through Electrostatic Precipitators at Two Coal Power Plants

Mohr, Martin; Ylätalo, S; Klippel, Norbert; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Riccius, O.; Burtscher, H.

doi:10.1080/02786829608965363

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…• Particles entering the APCD are essentially bimodal in terms of mass, with on the order of 1% of the ash consisting of submicrometer particles and the larger residual ash falling into the 1-20 µm range. 54,63,180,182 • Particles in the 0.1-0.3 µm range have the highest penetration through APCD compared with both larger and smaller particles, 63,78,179,180 so the 0.1-1 µm particles form a larger fraction of the mass distribution leaving the APCD than they do in the uncontrolled combustion emissions. 63 • The submicrometer ash is enriched in volatile elements relative to the larger particles.…”

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63,78,88,148,152,179,180 Additional efforts have focused on the effectiveness of APCDs in removing these potentially toxic substances. 63,78,179,180 These studies provide the following information: Figure 12. Normalized differential particle mass distributions measured in the stack for a sample of coal-fired power plants using different burner and gas-cleaning technologies.…”

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,005

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,005

600

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Aluminum penetration data [249] were used rather than total mass penetration data to avoid complications introduced by condensation and particle formation within cold-side ESPs [252]. The penetration curve derived from these measurements is presented in Figure 3-286 along with other ESP penetration measurements from the published literature.…”

Section: -492mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Substances From Coal Combustion-a Comprehensive Assessment

Senior¹,

Huggins²,

Huffman³

et al. 2001

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“…Particle structures showed no correlation with aggregate size, ame temperatures in the range investigated, or ESP sampling positions at both the inlet and the outlet of a pilot scale ESP. Although eld studies of ESP penetration have provided values of 5-12% for particulate in the 0.1-1 l m size range (Mohr et al 1996), the results of this study suggest that the penetration is not structure selective. The ESP therefore does not appear to selectively emit particulate of a certain structure (i.e., fractal-like aggregates versus spherical particles).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

The Effect of Chemical Composition on the Fractal-Like Structure of Combustion-Generated Inorganic Aerosols

Liu¹,

Srinivasachar²,

Helble³

2000

Aerosol Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT. The morphology of submicron ame-generated inorganic aerosols is known to be fractal-like with reported fractal exponents ranging from 1.1 -2.5 for different materials. This wide range represents a correspondingly broad variation in structure and suggests that chemical composition might affect the nal structure of ame-generated materials, a prospect of considerable importance in studies of submicron particulate penetration through electrostatic precipitators. To investigate this, the morphology of ame-generated submicron aerosols was studied by characterizing both y ash generated in a pilot scale coal combustor and controlled composition inorganic aerosols generated in a bench scale at ame burner. Fly ash generated during combustion of 2 bituminous coals at 2 different ame temperatures was found to be fractal-like with fractal exponents of 1.9 -2 and fractal prefactors of 1.1 -1.5. In addition, y ash samples collected at the inlet and outlet of an attached pilot scale electrostatic precipitator yielded no difference in particle morphology, indicating a lack of structure-dependent penetration. Flame-generated silica, magnesia, sodium-doped silica, and magnesium-doped silica produced under identical conditions in an invariant premixed ame were also fractal-like in structure with fractal exponents of 1.7 -1.8 and fractal prefactors of 1.6 -1.8. No dependence of these structural parameters on chemical composition, ame residence time, or particle number density was observed over the ranges considered. Changing chemical composition did, however, lead to order of magnitude changes in primary particle diameter without any corresponding change in aggregate structure. Findings from both systems are consistent with a growth process governed in the late stages by cluster-cluster aggregation and indicate that for ame synthesized materials produced in the overall decreasing temperature gradient characteristic of coal combustors and industrial ame reactors, the aerosol aggregate structure will not be affected by changes in chemical composition under conditions of coalescence-limited growth.¤ Corresponding author. 460 B. B. Liu et al.

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Submicron Fly Ash Penetration Through Electrostatic Precipitators at Two Coal Power Plants

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Toxic Substances From Coal Combustion-a Comprehensive Assessment

The Effect of Chemical Composition on the Fractal-Like Structure of Combustion-Generated Inorganic Aerosols

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