Toxic Substances From Coal Combustion-a Comprehensive Assessment

Senior, Constance L.; Huggins, Frank E.; Huffman, G.P.; Shah, N; Yap, N; Wendt, Jost O.L.; Seames, Wayne; Ames, M R; Sarofim, Adel F.; Swenson, S; Lighty, J S; Kolker, Allan; Finkelman, Robert B.; Palmer, Colin A.; Mroczkowski, S.; Helble, J J; Mamani-Paco, R; Sterling, R; Dunham, G; Miller, S

doi:10.2172/891188

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 148 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This suggests that the addition of MSS to coal can help scavenge As and Se to form calcium arsenates and selenates, which might be somewhat more environmentally benign than say the oxides. This argument is consistent with other work on this Ohio bituminous coal alone (5,(25)(26)(27) which has shown that the As and Se are scavenged by neither Ca, which is not sufficiently plentiful to provide sufficient active sites, nor by Fe, which appears to be deactivated by the high sulfur level. Hence much of these trace metals escape as the oxides for the Ohio bituminous coal without MSS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

NOx, FINE PARTICLE AND TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE/COAL MIXTURES: A SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT

Wendt¹

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research project focuses on pollutants from the combustion of mixtures of dried municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and coal. The objective is to determine the relationship between 1) fraction sludge in the sludge/coal mixture, and 2) combustion conditions on a) NOx concentrations in the exhaust, b) the size segregated fine and ultra-fine particle composition in the exhaust, and c) the partitioning of toxic metals between vapor and condenses phases, within the process. To this end work is progress using an existing 17kW downflow laboratory combustor, available with coal and sludge feed capabilities. The proposed study will be conducted in concert with an existing ongoing research on toxic metal partitioning mechanisms for very well characterized pulverized coals alone. Both high NOx and low NOx combustion conditions will be investigated (unstaged and staged combustion). The proposed work uses existing analytical and experimental facilities and draws on 20 years of research on NO x and fine particles that has been funded by DOE in this laboratory. Four barrels of dried sewage sludge are currently in the laboratory. Insofar as possible pertinent mechanisms will be elucidated. Tradeoffs between CO 2 control, NO x control, and inorganic fine particle and toxic metal emissions will be determined.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

NOx, FINE PARTICLE AND TOXIC METAL EMISSIONS FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE/COAL MIXTURES: A SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT

Wendt¹

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stages 1 and 2 were not analyzed because they represent a mixed ash that contains both submicron particles plus particles that were generated in the sampling probe via condensation/nucleation as the flue gas sample cooled. 12 In addition, the quantity of ash collected in stages 1 and 2 was extremely small, rendering the TE concentrations in the leaching fluid too low to be detected by graphite furnace atomic adsorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). An acid digestion method 4,13 developed by Wendt and co-workers was used to extract the total concentration of both TEs and other selected metals from ash.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total concentration of TEs in the original coal was determined using a microwave-assisted acid digestion process following U.S. EPA SW-846 Test Method 3052. 59 Additionally, a sequential leaching procedure 12 was used to estimate the TE associations in the test coal. This method uses solubility data to predict the TE mode of occurrence in coal.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, on the basis of their original form of occurrence within the coal, combustion system design, and operating conditions, TEs can leave (i) as flue gas vapor, (ii) on the surface of smaller submicron and fine fragment particles, 3,17 or (iii) bound within the bulk particles, which make up the major portion of fly ash particle mass. 3,12,45 Influence and Modes of Fly Ash Formation. Each of the three main fly ash size modes (bulk, fine fragment, and submicron) is formed as a result of the various mechanisms involving inorganic element transformation in the combustor.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 The partitioning mechanism of TEs in different fly ash regimes has been explained in detail elsewhere. 3,12,51 The mechanisms governing the partitioning of TEs determines their final oxidation state in the ash, thereby directly influencing their impact on the environment. 3,16 TE Mobility.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mobility of Semi-volatile Trace Elements from the Fly Ash Generated by the Combustion of a Sub-bituminous Coal—The Effects of the Combustion Temperature

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of the combustion temperature on the mobility of three semi-volatile trace elements (TEs), arsenic, selenium, and antimony, from the fly ash generated from the combustion of a pulverized sub-bituminous coal was assessed using a modified toxicity characteristic leaching procedure protocol. Multiple sets of size-segregated fly ash samples were collected from the combustion of a Powder River Basin sub-bituminous coal in a laboratory-scale self-sustaining combustor at peak combustion temperatures of 1623, 1673, and 1723 K. TEs were extracted from representative ash samples from each particle size mode (submicron, fine fragment, and bulk) in acidic (pH 2.88), neutral (pH 7), and basic (pH 11) solvents. TE concentrations in each solvent were compared to the concentrations from complete digestion to determine fly ash TE mobility under various conditions. It was observed that an increase in the peak combustion temperature increased the distribution of minor elements and TEs in the smaller size modes but had no significant effect on TE mobility for a given size mode under a particular leaching fluid. For all three TEs, solubility decreased with increasing pH for most size modes. In a majority of cases, the fraction present in the smaller sized submicron and fine fragment particles was found to be more leachable compared to the larger bulk particles.

show abstract