Submicrogram Assay for Scopolamine in Plasma and Urine

Bayne, W.F.; Tao, F.T.; Crisologo, N.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600640220

Cited by 40 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This agrees with the results of Bayneet al (3) and with those of Shaw et al ( (13) measured 10% of the drug as free scopolamine given either intravenously or intramuscularly. This agrees with the results of Bayneet al (3) and with those of Shaw et al ( (13) measured 10% of the drug as free scopolamine given either intravenously or intramuscularly.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Simple Radioligand Binding Assay for the Determination of Urinary Scopolamine

Scheurlen¹,

Bittiger

Ammann³

1984

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Simple Radioligand Binding Assay for the Determination of Urinary Scopolamine

Scheurlen¹,

Bittiger

Ammann³

1984

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…The mean excretion rate for unconjugated hyoscine, 0.445 f 0.164 pg/h, is consistent with the findings of Scheurlen et af. (1984) using RRA and Shaw and Urquhart (1980) using the GC-MS method of Bayne et al (1975). Assuming that the patches deliver hyoscine at the designed rate of 5 pg/h and that after 12 h steady-state conditions apply (Shaw and Urquhart, The proportion of conjugated material (87.1 k 4.5%) that we found is greater than that reported elsewhere for transdermal patches.…”

Section: Urine Concentrations and Excretion Ratescontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The identification of apohyoscine as a urinary metabolite casts doubt on the specificity of methods (e.g. Bayne et al, 1975) that hydrolyse hyoscine to scopoline as apohyoscine will give the same product. Apohyoscine appears to have a longer half-time than hyoscine (Fig.…”

Section: Urine Concentrations and Excretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Liquid chromatographic determination of hyoscine (scopolamine) in urine using solid phase extraction

Whelpton

Hurst

Metcalfe

et al. 1992

Biomedical Chromatography

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A sensitive method for the determination of hyoscine (scopolamine) in urine is described. After concentration and "clean-up" on C18 and CN solid phase extraction columns, hyoscine was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection (oxidation at +0.9 V). The limit of detection was 5 ng per sample and the precision for 5 mL samples containing 2 ng/mL was 12.3%. The method was applied to urine samples collected from 12 volunteers wearing Scopoderm TTS patches. The mean excretion rate of unmetabolized hyoscine was 0.45 micrograms/h and 87% of the total hyoscine was present as conjugates. Apohyoscine (aposcopolamine) was identified as a urinary metabolite. The significance of this with regard to hyoscine assays is discussed.

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“…Because several tropane alkaloids are constituents of medical preparations and drugs, chemical methods for analyses of these compounds in plants, drugs and exposed individuals have been developed (Bayne et al, 1975;Oshima et al, 1989;Papadoyannis et al, 1993). As many of the tropane alkaloids occur in chiral forms, the chemical methodology should preferably enable the differentiation and quantification of the individual enantiomers.…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropane alkaloids (from Datura sp.) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

2008

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYThe term tropane alkaloids refers to a group of more than 200 compounds best known for their occurrence in the family Solanaceae comprising over 100 genera and 3000 plant species. They have in common a two-ringed structure characterized by a pyrrolidine and a piperidine ring sharing a single nitrogen atom and two carbons atoms. The nitrogen atom at the end of the molecule, which characterizes the compounds as alkaloids, is in this group characteristically methylated. The most important natural tropane alkaloids are (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine (also known as hyoscine). High concentrations of these alkaloids have been found particularly in Datura stramonium and Datura ferox, as well as in Datura innoxia. The pattern of tropane alkaloids differs significantly and in Datura stramonium (also known as thorn apple or Jimson weed) hyoscyamine prevails in most parts of the plant, whereas in Datura ferox scopolamine is the major alkaloid Tropane alkaloids as undesirable substances in animal feedThe EFSA Journal (2008) 691, 2-55 produced. Datura plants are toxic for animals if ingested in larger amounts. Their seeds, which contain significant amounts of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, can be found as botanical impurities in feed materials, particularly in soybean and linseed products.Very little information on the actual contamination of feed materials is available, and previous reports on adverse health effects in animals refer in most cases to accidental intoxications following the consumption of Datura plants rather than to the contamination of linseed and sobean contaning feed materials. Hence no conclusive exposure assessment could be presented for farm animals.Overall, pigs have been shown to be among the most sensitive species to Datura poisoning. A worst case exposure estimate indicated that adverse pharmacological effects in pigs following exposure to Datura ferox seeds, mainly containing scopolamine, can not be entirely excluded at the current statutory limits of 3000 mg/kg feed. However, the limited data also suggested that it is not likely that the presence of Datura stramonium impurities in animals feed up to the current statutory level of 1000 mg/kg would present a risk to animal health.The mechanism of action of tropane alkaloids relates to their competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, preventing the binding of acetylcholine. According to the specificity and selectivity of muscarinergic acetylcholine receptors in different organs, the functions of smooth muscles and exocrine gland cells, as well as the heart rate, respiration and functions in the central nervous system are modulated. Certain tropanes such as atropine (the racemic mixture of (-)-and (+)hyoscyamine) as well as scopolamine (mainly as butylscopolamine bromide) are used in human and veterinary therapy for a variety of related indications. Reports of poisoning of livestock and experimental feeding studies describe as most common symptoms associated with tropane alkaloids exposure dryness of the mucosa in the uppe...

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Submicrogram Assay for Scopolamine in Plasma and Urine

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Simple Radioligand Binding Assay for the Determination of Urinary Scopolamine

Simple Radioligand Binding Assay for the Determination of Urinary Scopolamine

Liquid chromatographic determination of hyoscine (scopolamine) in urine using solid phase extraction

Tropane alkaloids (from Datura sp.) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

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