Sublimation study of the tin sulphides SnS2, Sn2S3 and SnS

Towards the growth of Cu 2 ZnSn 1−x Ge x S 4 thin films by a single-stage process: Effect of substrate temperature and composition

“…However, here a significant loss of Ge takes place, without observing a decrease in the Sn content. From the literature, GeS has a much higher vapor pressure than SnS at 550º C [24][25]. As suggested by Chen et al…”

On the Sn loss from thin films of the material system Cu–Zn–Sn–S in high vacuum

“…28 The sulfur rich tin sulfides SnS 2 and Sn 2 S 3 decompose firstly by desorbing sulfur and evaporating SnS at higher temperatures. 27 We therefore conclude that in our experiments SnS is evaporated and suggest the following decomposition reactions ͑for simplification Cu 2−x S is approximated by Cu 2 S͒: It is very plausible to assume that the Sn loss and the formation of the solid decomposition products start at the top of the film, where the gaseous phase desorbs. This is confirmed by the EDX depth profile in Fig.…”

“…The high vapor pressure of tin sulfides has been the subject of several scientific publications. [25][26][27] By mass spectrometric measurements the molecules in the gas phase could be identified as mainly SnS. 28 The sulfur rich tin sulfides SnS 2 and Sn 2 S 3 decompose firstly by desorbing sulfur and evaporating SnS at higher temperatures.…”

Optimization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Layers via Sulfurization of Electrodeposited Cu-Zn-Sn Precursors for Photovoltaic Applications

“…[20,39,[43][44][45]. The Sn-S subsystem includes three possible phases: SnS, Sn 2 S 3 , SnS 2 ; all these phases can be present between room temperature and 600 °C [46][47][48]. The SnS phase usually presents a flake shape when present at the surface of CZTS.…”

“…The composition of CZTS layers after sulfurization as a function of applied potential is shown in takes place between 350-450 °C [46,48,79], leading to a decrease in Sn concentration [46,79].…”