Sublexical frequency measures for orthographic and phonological units in German

Hofmann, Markus; Stenneken, Prisca; Conrad, Markus; Jacobs, Arthur

doi:10.3758/bf03193034

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The number of letters was cross-balanced between words and PWs. The 100 PW stimuli were pronounceable and were generated by stringing together legal syllables (taken from Hofmann et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of the highest frequent neighbor did not differ (t = 0.1). Type and token mean bigram and letter frequencies were taken from the lemma database of Hofmann et al (2007) and did not differ across cells (t's ≤ 0.1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type indicates the amount of words in which a specific bigram occurs, while token denotes the summed frequencies of these words (cf. Hofmann et al, 2007). Type measures can be considered to quantify the familiarity of all existing words assuming they are equally activated.…”

Section: The Word Frequency Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential activation of frontal and parietal regions during visual word recognition: An optical topography study

et al. 2008

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The present study examined cortical oxygenation changes during lexical decision on words and pseudowords using functional NearInfrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Focal hyperoxygenation as an indicator of functional activation was compared over three target areas over the left hemisphere. A 52-channel Hitachi ETG-4000 was used covering the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), the left inferior parietal gyrus (IPG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). To allow for anatomical inference a recently developed probabilistic mapping method was used to determine the most likely anatomic locations of the changes in cortical activation [Tsuzuki, D., Jurcak, V., Singh, A.K., Okamoto, M., Watanabe, E., Dan, I., 2007. Virtual spatial registration of stand-alone fNIRS data to MNI space. NeuroImage 43 (4), 1506-1518.Subjects made lexical decisions on 50 low and 50 high frequency words and 100 pseudowords. With respect to the lexicality effect, words elicited a larger focal hyperoxygenation in comparison to pseudowords in two regions identified as the SFG and left IPG. The SFG activation difference was interpreted to reflect decision-related mechanisms according to the Multiple Read-Out Model [Grainger, J., Jacobs, A.M., 1996. Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. Psychological Review 103, 518-565]. The greater oxygenation response to words in the left IPG suggests that this region connects orthographic, phonological and semantic representations. A decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin was observed to low frequency in comparison to high frequency words in a region identified as IFG. This region's sensitivity to word frequency suggests its involvement in grapheme-phoneme conversion, or its role during the selection of preactivated semantic candidates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential activation of frontal and parietal regions during visual word recognition: An optical topography study

et al. 2008

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“…(2) This also led to the inclusion of a third word class: In addition to 2,107 nouns and 504 verbs, the BAWL-R now includes 291 adjectives. (3) Another important word-processing variable-that is, type bigram frequency (taken from Hofmann, Stenneken, Conrad, & Jacobs, 2007)-was added as the ninth psycholinguistic index contained in the BAWL-R. (4) We also added the variable accent to the database, which provides information on which syllable of a word is stressed during pronunciation. (5) Most important, the BAWL-R not only rected to affective stimuli (e.g., Anderson, 2005;Bradley, 1994;Keil & Ihssen, 2004).…”

Section: Description Of the Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R)

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Kuchinke

et al. 2009

Behavior Research Methods

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The study presented here provides researchers with a revised list of affective German words, the Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R). This work is an extension of the previously published BAWL , which has enabled researchers to investigate affective word processing with highly controlled stimulus material. The lack of arousal ratings, however, necessitated a revised version of the BAWL. We therefore present the BAWL-R, which is the first list that not only contains a large set of psycholinguistic indexes known to influence word processing, but also features ratings regarding emotional arousal, in addition to emotional valence and imageability. The BAWL-R is intended to help researchers create stimulus material for a wide range of experiments dealing with the affective processing of German verbal material.

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“…Word frequency measures are given in occurrences per million (Baayen, Piepenbrock, & Gulikers, 1995). Mean letter and bigram frequencies were taken from the lemma corpus of Hofmann, Stenneken, Conrad, and Jacobs (2007). Respectively 100 nonwords were generated by replacing the vowel of a nontarget word with either another vowel (e.g., ERREGER ERREGUR) or a consonant (e.g.,…”

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confidence: 99%