Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation

Abstract

Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.

Saliva microbiome changes in thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules patients

“…A study has demonstrated that the species Anaeroglobus geminatus are associated with the four lipid mediators in human periodontitis ( Lee et al., 2021 ). To the best of our knowledge, inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, and the level of lipid mediators has a relationship with different cancers such as oral cancer, gastric cancer, melanomas, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer ( Sulciner et al., 2018 ; Biswas et al., 2022 ).…”

Oral microbial dysbiosis in patients with periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Here we explored the association between genera and blood routine indicators. Anaeroglobus geminatus is positively correlated with different lipid mediators which are related to the inflammatory process of periodontitis ( Lee et al., 2021 ). We also observed that the relative abundance of Anaeroglobus was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts, indicating that dysbiosis of periodontal-associated microorganisms may accelerate the process of inflammatory between periodontitis and COPD.…”

Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Insight Into Oral Biofilms in Periodontitis and Related Systemic Diseases

“…By integrating 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics, many abnormally expressed metabolites were found to be positively correlated with periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas, Prevotella , and Fusobacterium species ( Na et al, 2021 ). Similarly, a strong correlation was found between lipid mediators and subgingival microbiome profile, suggesting that inflammation induced by lipid mediators significantly affected the microbial composition in periodontitis ( Lee et al, 2021 ). Metabolomics might also be used for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.…”