Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states

Avram, Alison Sharpe; Avram, Mathew M.; James, William D.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.015

Cited by 145 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main organ for the control of temperature in small mammals (Lowell and Spiegelman 2000;Avram et al 2005). Drugs that increase temperature dissipation (by activating in BAT) may be possible drug targets for obesity treatment (Spiegelman and Flier 2001;Subramanian and Vollmer 2002;Major et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drugs that increase temperature dissipation (by activating in BAT) may be possible drug targets for obesity treatment (Spiegelman and Flier 2001;Subramanian and Vollmer 2002;Major et al 2007). Activation of β3-adrenergic receptors in brown adipocytes causes lipolysis, increased UCP-1 activity, and thermogenesis (Avram et al 2005;Fan et al 2005). Because thermogenesis in BAT is a process of metabolic regulation that is controlled by the hypothalamus via descending sympathetic fibers (Lowell and Spiegelman 2000), serotonin reuptake inhibitors may act both centrally and peripherally to influence body temperature control (Liu et al 2002;Subramanian and Vollmer 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluoxetine induces lean phenotype in rat by increasing the brown/white adipose tissue ratio and UCP1 expression

Silva

Nascimento

Freitas

et al. 2015

J Bioenerg Biomembr

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The serotonergic system plays a crucial role in the energy balance regulation. Energy balance is mediated by food intake and caloric expenditure. Thus, the present study investigated the mechanisms that might be associated with fluoxetine treatment-induced weight reduction. Wistar male rat pups received daily injections with subcutaneous fluoxetine (Fx-group) or vehicle solution (Ct-group) from day 1 until 21 days of age. Several analyses were conducted to verify the involvement of mitochondria in weight reduction. We found that body weight in the Fx-group was lower compared to control. In association to lower fat mass in the Fx-group (25%). Neither neonatal caloric intake nor food intake reveals significant differences. Evaluating caloric expenditure (locomotor activity and temperature after stimulus), we did not observe differences in locomotor activity. However, we observed that the Fx group had a higher capacity to maintain body temperature in a cold environment compared with the Ct-group. Since brown adipose tissue-(BAT) is specialized for heat production and the rate of heat production is related to mitochondrial function, we found that Fx-treatment increases respiration by 36%, although after addition of GDP respiration returned to Ct-levels. Examining ROS production we observe that Fx-group produced less ROS than control group. Evaluating uncoupling protein (UCP) expression we found that Fx-treatment increases the expression by 23%. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of serotonin system results in positive modulation of UCP and mitochondrial bioenergetics in brown fat tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine induces lean phenotype in rat by increasing the brown/white adipose tissue ratio and UCP1 expression

Silva

Nascimento

Freitas

et al. 2015

J Bioenerg Biomembr

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“…La existencia de mayores cantidades de hemoglobina en la capa profunda del TAB-Sc de la cadera podrían ser consecuencia del sangrado más profuso, observado durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, debido a una mayor proximidad de los vasos sanguíneos (lo que se observó también en el “sub-depósito” dorsal respecto al resto [19]. Resulta interesante que los niveles de expresión de albúmina mostraron un perfil exactamente opuesto al de la hemoglobina, con mayor intensidad en la capa superficial de la cadera (comparada con la profunda) y en el depósito dorsal (comparado con el resto).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

El proteoma del tejido adiposo subcutáneo muestra heterogeneidad anatómica

Martos‐Moreno

Sackmann-Sala

Berryman

et al. 2013

Anales de Pediatría

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Introducción El tejido adiposo blanco (TAB) subcutáneo (Sc) humano podría variar dependiendo de su localización anatómica, con diferencias en su perfil proteómico. Pacientes y métodos Se obtuvieron aspirados de TAB-Sc de seis mujeres con IMC >25 kg/m2, sometidas a liposucción. Dicho TAB-Sc se obtuvo de seis localizaciones anatómicas: abdominal superior e inferior, muslo, dorsal, flanco y cadera, analizándose su perfil proteómico mediante electroforesis bidimensional. En muslo y abdomen superior se compararon, además, las muestras obtenidas de las dos capas del TAB-Sc (profunda y superficial). Resultados Se detectaron 21 proteínas que mostraban una intensidad de expresión diferente entre las seis localizaciones anatómicas y 14 entre las capas superficial y profunda de una misma región. Entre las proteínas identificadas se incluyen: vimentina (proteína estructural); proteínas “heat-shock” (HSPs), superóxido-dismutasa, (estrés/chaperoninas); proteína fijadora de ácidos grasos 4 (FABP-4) y alfa-enolasa (metabolismo lipídico y de los hidratos de carbono, respectivamente) y ATP-sintetasa (producción de energía). Entre las regiones estudiadas, el TAB-Sc dorsal mostraba un perfil proteómico particular, con menor expresión de proteínas implicadas en la producción de energía y metabolismo (ATP-sintetasa, alfa-enolasa, HSPs y FABP-4) que el resto de regiones. Conclusiones Los niveles de expresión de diversas proteínas en el TAB-Sc humano no son homogéneos, difiriendo entre localizaciones anatómicas. Esto sugiere la existencia de diferencias funcionales en el TAB-Sc de acuerdo con su localización anatómica, lo que debe considerarse antes de asumir la extrapolación de los datos derivados del TAB-Sc de una determinada localización al de otras partes de la anatomía.

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“…Non-shivering thermogenesis at birth is significant and occurs in BAT [12]. BAT contains numerous mitochondria and fat globules, with abundant sympathetic innervation and copious blood supply [12,13]. In the mitochondria, the synthesis of ATP is uncoupled from the oxidative process by UCP-1 and heat is the final end product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Brown Adipose Tissue in Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn

et al. 2011

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Background: Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) of the newborn is a rare condition that manifests within days after birth. The interscapular region, axillae and shoulders are the most commonly affected sites, corresponding to anatomic sites of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in newborns. Objective: We postulated a specific involvement of BAT in SCFN and searched for brown adipocytes at affected sites. Methods: Biopsy specimens were immunostained with antibodies against uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and examined by electron microscopy. We also examined BAT by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning. Results: A few cells in biopsy specimens from two patients bound antibodies against UCP-1, and brown adipocytes were detected at several stages of degeneration. PET-CT scans revealed lower uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG at major sites of SCFN. Conclusion: SCFN and BAT can be found at the same sites, suggesting a pathophysiological connection.

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Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states

Cited by 145 publications

References 131 publications

Fluoxetine induces lean phenotype in rat by increasing the brown/white adipose tissue ratio and UCP1 expression

Fluoxetine induces lean phenotype in rat by increasing the brown/white adipose tissue ratio and UCP1 expression

El proteoma del tejido adiposo subcutáneo muestra heterogeneidad anatómica

Involvement of Brown Adipose Tissue in Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn

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