Subclinical Atherosclerosis among HIV-Infected Adults Attending HIV/AIDS Care at Two Large Ambulatory HIV Clinics in Uganda

Ssinabulya, Isaac; Kayima, James; Longenecker, Chris T.; Luwedde, Mary Mary; Semitala, Fred; Kambugu, Andrew; Ameda, Faith; Bugeza, Sam; McComsey, Grace A.; Freers, Juergen; Nakanjako, Damalie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089537

Cited by 65 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Initially, a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors such as smoking, lipid abnormalities, and substance abuse drew a lot of attention [29–31]. Initial research also focused on the effect of ART, particularly because of reported positive associations between lipid dystrophies and some ART medications [32••, 33].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Downside of Living Longer

Lacson

Barnes

Bahrami

2017

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Purpose of Review Introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life expectancy of patients with HIV infection, allowing them to live longer with this chronic medical condition and consequently experiencing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have investigated the increased risk of CVD in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, less is known about the exact mechanisms involved in this increased risk. Also, specific guidelines for management of CVD in PLWH have not been developed yet. In this article, we review the recent literature on the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of CVD in PLWH, with an emphasis on coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent Findings Although initial studies suspected the increased prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and side effects of ART to be involved in the increased CVD risk in PLWH, recent studies have uncovered the important role of chronic persistent inflammation in this increased risk. In addition, biomarkers of inflammation have been associated with both CVD events and subclinical CAD in this population. Lastly, recent studies and ongoing clinical trials have been investigating medical interventions that aim to reduce inflammation and cardiovascular events. Summary Different mechanisms of inflammation have been examined in PLWH, including subclinical viremia, microbial translocation, and coinfection with other pathogens such as cytomegalovirus. Although inflammatory biomarkers have been consistently associated with CVD and subclinical CVD outcomes, their prognostic value is unknown. Recent and ongoing trials are exploring the benefits of anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and antimicrobial translocation drugs on both inflammation and CVD risk among PLWH.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Downside of Living Longer

Lacson

Barnes

Bahrami

2017

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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“…Before the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, high blood pressures in HIV-infected subjects were frequently linked with complications including vasculopathy, renal failure and stroke (Ssinabulya et al 2014). Individual cardiovascular threat, however, is influenced by myriads of risk factors such as weight gain, drug abuse, elevated blood lipids, dyslipidemia, age, diabetes, smoking and family history (Dimala et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and Related Risk Factors Among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria

Bello

Ojieabu

2018

Bangla Pharma J

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Hypertension is a major challenge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people globally. A prospective, cross-sectional study comprising two hundred and eighteen HIV-infected patients was conducted in Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of General Hospital, Offa between November 2015 and December, 2016. Patients' blood pressure was evaluated using Omron automated blood pressure monitor following standard procedures. Dual weight and height balance was utilized to measure the weight and height of the subjects. Hypertension incidence among patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) was 34%, while those that were yet to start cART was 9.6 %. In HIVinfected women on cART, occurrence of hypertension was high (75.5%) as compared to men (24.5%). The hypertension pervasiveness in HIV-infected patients on cART was 75.5% in women and 24.5% in men. Risk factors that were markedly linked with hypertension among patients on cART include body mass index (OR: 3.29,95% CI:1.21-2.27; p< 0.050), sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.63, 95% CI:1.20-5.38; p < 0.043), age (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.22-2.33; p< 0.004) and gender (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.85-2.41; p < 0.037). Patients on cART were found to have higher hypertension prevalence than cART-naive. The cART, however, is not a risk factor for hypertension.

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“…Before the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, high blood pressures in HIV-infected subjects were frequently linked with complications including vasculopathy, renal failure, and stroke [2]. The individual cardiovascular threat, however, is influenced by myriads of risk factors such as weight gain, drug abuse, elevated blood lipids, dyslipidemia, age, diabetes, smoking and family history [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and Related Risk Factors among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria

Bello¹,

Ojieabu²

2017

J Appl Pharm

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The hypertension incidence is a major challenge in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people globally. A prospective, cross-sectional study comprising two hundred and eighteen HIV-infected patients was conducted in Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of General Hospital, Offa between November 2015 and December 2016. Patients' blood pressure was evaluated using Omron automated blood pressure monitor following standard procedures. Dual weight and height balance was utilized to measure the weights and heights of the subjects. Hypertension incidence among patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) was 34%, while those that were yet to start cART was 9.6%. In HIV-infected women on cART, the occurrence of hypertension was high (75.5%) as compared with men (24.5%). The hypertension pervasiveness in HIV-infected patients on cART was 75.5% in women and 24.5% in men. Risk factors that were markedly linked with hypertension among patients on cART include body mass index (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.21-2.27; p<0.050), sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.20-5.38; p<0.043), age (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.22-2.33; p<0.004) and gender (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.85-2.41; p<0.037). Patients on cART were found to have higher hypertension prevalence than cART-naive. The cART, however, is not a risk factor for hypertension.

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Subclinical Atherosclerosis among HIV-Infected Adults Attending HIV/AIDS Care at Two Large Ambulatory HIV Clinics in Uganda

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Downside of Living Longer

Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Downside of Living Longer

Hypertension and Related Risk Factors Among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria

Hypertension and Related Risk Factors among Clients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Nigeria

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