Subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract in female mice and rats

Deshpande, Shailesh; Lalitha, V.; Ingle, Arvind; Raste, A. S.; Gadre, S G; Maru, Girish B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00035-6

Cited by 61 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An independent study of rats (1000 mg/kg/day) and monkeys (800 mg/kg/day) for 3 months failed to reveal any evidence of adverse effects on growth, behavioral, biochemical, or histopathological parameters(3). Hepatotoxicity was noted in mice that were fed tumeric and ethanolic tumeric extract (0.05 -0.25%) for 14 days and rats that were fed a higher dose of tumeric (5%) for 90 days (31).…”

Section: Safety Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Role of the Curry Spice Curcumin in Alzheimers Disease

Ringman¹,

Frautschy²,

Cole³

et al. 2005

CAR

444

281

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There is substantial in-vitro data indicating that curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid activity. In addition, studies in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicate a direct effect of curcumin in decreasing the amyloid pathology of AD. As the widespread use of curcumin as a food additive and relatively small shortterm studies in humans suggest safety, curcumin is a promising agent in the treatment and/or prevention of AD. Nonetheless, important information regarding curcumin bioavailability, safety and tolerability, particularly in an elderly population is lacking. We are therefore performing a study of curcumin in patients with AD to gather this information in addition to data on the effect of curcumin on biomarkers of AD pathology.

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Section: Safety Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Role of the Curry Spice Curcumin in Alzheimers Disease

Ringman¹,

Frautschy²,

Cole³

et al. 2005

CAR

444

281

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“…[25][26][27] In order to use this compound for leishmaniasis or to use as a lead compound, we need to clarify the mechanism of its cytotoxicity. 132 Vol.…”

Section: Fig 1 Leishmanicidal Effect Of Curcumin On Promastigotes Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmanicidal Effect of Curcumin in Vitro.

Koide

Nose

Ogihara

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

111

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The ground dried rhizome of the plant, Curcuma longa LINN has long been used as a naturally occurring medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and other diseases, and has also been used as a coloring agent and spice in many foods. 1)The powdered rhizome is commonly called turmeric. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major active ingredient that has been identified as the major pigment in turmeric. Curcumin is well known as a potent anti-oxidant, 2,3) and recent studies have revealed that it is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen-generating enzymes, such as lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase, 4,5) xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase 6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase 7) and it possesses anti-inflammatory activity. 8,9) Moreover, it has shown anti-carcinogenic activity in animal models, such as colon tumor initiation by azoxymethane 10) and skin tumor promotion induced by phorbol ester TPA.11) Recently, curcumin has been considered by oncologists as a potential third generation cancer chemopreventive agent, and clinical trials using it have been carried out in several laboratories.Leishmania such as Leishmania major are the protozoan parasite responsible for leishmaniasis. So far, medicines used for the treatment of leishmaniasis such as pentavalent antimonials and pentamidine are toxic or have severe side effects, for example renal, cardiac and neural toxicity, shock and risk of diabetes.12) Other medicines such as amphotericin B are restricted to hospital use. In addition, resistance towards these medicines have been observed. 13) Thus, the development of a new agent is urgently needed.During the search for the candidate of anti-parasitic agents from natural resources, we have found that curcumin has leishmanicidal activity in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals Curcumin was purchased from Funakoshi Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and other chemicals used were special grade.Axenic Cultivation of Leishmania The medium used for the cultivation of promastigotes of L. major (MHOM/ SU/73/5ASKH) was SDM-79, previously described by Brun and Schonenberger.14) Leishmania were cultured into 25 cm 2 -tissue culture flasks containing 5 ml of culture medium per flask and maintained therein at 27°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 -95% air.Leishmanicidal Assay Cultured leishmania of promastigotes were centrifuged at 600 g for 5 min at 4°C, and the parasites then resuspended with culture medium, diluted to a density of 5ϫ10 5 /ml and inoculated into 96-well plate. The medium (0.1 ml) containing various concentrations of curcumin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added into each well and incubated at 27°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 -95% air. The final concentration of DMSO was 0.5%. After incubation for an appropriate period, the number of surviving leishmania was determined microscopically by counting in a Burker-Turk hemocytometer. The leishmanicidal activity of curcumin was shown as 50% growth inhibitory concentration (GI 50 ), 100% growth inhibitory concentration (TGI) and LD 50 after incubation with leishmania for 24 h. 100% gr...

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“…Other studies confirmed this result. It was reported that the administration of high curcumin dose for longer duration showed hepatotoxicity represented in focal necrosis or focal necrosis with regeneration both in mice and rats [31,32]. Thus putative chemo-preventive antioxidants may have carcinogenic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetical and histochemical studies on curcumin in male rats

Makawy¹,

Sharaf²

2006

WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, Vol 10

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Curcumin is a major component of the curcuma species, commonly used as a yellow coloring and flavoring agent in foods. Curcumin has been demonstrated to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and has shown anticancer properties in many rodent models. There is the perception that since compounds are natural, they are devoid of toxicity and safe to use. Some of the active compounds in supplements have inherent toxicity. In this study, five doses (0.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg/daily) of curcumin spice were orally administered to male rats daily for four weeks. The effect of curcumin was studied genetically by evaluation of chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells of male rats. Histopathological and histochemical investigations were studied in different tissues (liver, kidney) of males. The cytogenetical results showed that curcumin caused a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations over the control. Also, results showed that there were significant differences between positive control and all curcumin-tested doses, except the dose of 50 mg/kg showed no significant difference. Histopathological results showed different degrees of alterations, as manifested by vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes, tubular degeneration in renal tissues. We conclude that over use of curcumin spice may cause genotoxical and histopathological effects.

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Subchronic oral toxicity of turmeric and ethanolic turmeric extract in female mice and rats

Cited by 61 publications

References 11 publications

A Potential Role of the Curry Spice Curcumin in Alzheimers Disease

A Potential Role of the Curry Spice Curcumin in Alzheimers Disease

Leishmanicidal Effect of Curcumin in Vitro.

Cytogenetical and histochemical studies on curcumin in male rats

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