Subcellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology

Abstract

There exist two opposing perspectives regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their roles in angiogenesis and cardiovascular system, one that favors harmful and causal effects of ROS, while the other supports beneficial effects. Recent studies have shown that interaction between ROS in different sub-cellular compartments plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes (beneficial vs. deleterious) of ROS exposures on the vascular system. Oxidant radicals in one cellular organelle can affect the ROS content and function in other sub-cellular compartments in endothelial cells (ECs). In this review, we will focus on a critical fact that the effects or the final phenotypic outcome of ROS exposure to EC are tissue- or organ-specific, and depend on the spatial (subcellular localization) and temporal (duration of ROS exposure) modulation of ROS levels.

Copper(II) complexes of coumarin-derived Schiff base ligands: Pro- or antioxidant activity in MCF-7 cells?

“…b Calculated isotropic values via the equation g o = (g x +g y +g z )/3. 3,25,20 CuSO 4 >100* * IC 50 values from reference 20. These values were measured in the same laboratory as those reported for the current work using the same cell line…”

“…This antioxidant system prevents oxidative damage to cell organelles, plasma membranes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and maintains homeostatic balance. 1,2 However, uncontrolled generation of ROS as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, 3 arthritis, 4 neurodegenerative disease 5 and cancer. 6 With respect to cancer, ROS have been shown to be present at high concentrations in some types of cancers, due to the high metabolic activity of the cells.…”

“…A series of copper(II) complexes of Schiff base-derived ligands (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) were studied for their pro-and antioxidant behaviour in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The coordination modes of two of the copper(II) complexes were investigated by pH-potentiometry, EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods.…”

The Synergistic Effect of Nanocrystals Combined With Ultrasound in the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species for Biomedical Applications

“…In addition, Shafique et al (2013) established that the increase in ROS levels can have a protective role in endothelial homeostasis, improving the vascular function in patients affected by cardio vascular disease (CDV). It is also been proven that the ROS generation achieved by the external activation of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase can induce angiogenesis and other essential functions of endothelial cells, such as hemostasis (Kim et al, 2017;Aldosari et al, 2018). The activation of angiogenesis caused by an increase in ROS production to restore ROS physiological levels, can be beneficial not only for CVD, as occurs after ischemia (Urao et al, 2008), but can also contribute to wound healing (Osumi et al, 2017).…”

Dietary Ethanolic Extract of Mangosteen pericarp Reduces VCAM-1, Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Aortic Intimal Medial Thickness in Hypercholesterolemic Rat Model

“…ROS can activate peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-ɣ (PPAR-ɣ), which is a master regulator of adipogenesis, thus causing expansion and dysfunction of PVAT [9]. ROS also contribute to endothelial dysfunction characterised by increased expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) [10].…”