“…1) However, this technique is not suitable from an environmental viewpoint because of the consequential need for liquid waste treatment. As one of the surface treatment processes, plasma surface treatments using reduced pressures, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] atmospheric pressure, [8][9][10][11] or ion beams [12][13][14][15] have been reported, but the process throughput is not sufficient for high-speed roll-to-roll sputter deposition, and an alternative high-density plasma is desired. As a candidate to solve such an issue, a surface-wave plasma (SWP) source, i.e., a microwave plasma source with no magnetic field, is attractive.…”