Study of treatment outcome of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected patients: a cross sectional study in Aurangabad city, Maharashtra

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV, including those who are taking anti-retroviral treatment. There were an estimated 1.2 million HIV positive new TB cases globally in 2014. Around 74% of these infected people live in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim and objectives were to study the treatment outcome of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected patients; to assess the outcome of TB treatment in TB patients with respect to their HIV status and to study the underlying factors influencing the outcome rates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted in Municipal Corporation area, Aurangabad. For this study, HIV co-infected patients registered at city Tuberculosis Centre, Aurangabad were noted and thus information only on TB-HIV status of patients was collected. Results: In this study majority of the study participants were in the age group between 35 and 49 years (45.98%); which is in the reproductive age group. HIV-TB co-infected in this region was mostly males (60.92%). Conclusions: Important conclusion of the study is that very few patients got cured off TB among TB-HIV co-infected patients. One of the reasons could be immunosuppression of HIV patients make them vulnerable for getting active TB and its rapid progression. All the rates i.e. death, default & transfer rate are all above the standard rate i.e. 5% as per RNTCP guidelines.

Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis and Associated Factors among TB-HIV Co-Infected Patients at Public Hospitals of Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study

“…In the current study, the death rate among the TB/HIV co-infected patients during TB treatment was 7.7%. Also, similar death rates were seen in study carried out in Mizan Aman (6%) [17], Aurangabad city, India (8.2%) [41], Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (8.3%) [26], South India (9%) [39], WHO African Region (9%) [23], Gondar (9.6%) [28], Viet Nam (10%) [36] and South Africa (10.5%) [24]. The death rate in our study was lower than the rate reported in deferent part of Ethiopia which reported a death rate ranging from 12.8 to 20.2% [16, 18, 31, 37, 42–44], Cameroon 29.4% [32], Karnataka India 15.7% [45], Yavatimal India 16% [38], Malaysia 21% [29], Ebonyi State Nigeria 19% [34], Free State province South Africa 17.4% [40], Iran 18.9% [33].…”

“…The proportion of lost for follow up found in this study (1.7%) is comparable Mizan Aman 1.3% [17], Tigray 2% [16] and Gondar 2.2% [28] studies. This lost for follow up of TB/HIV co-infected patients is lower than many studies conducted in Ethiopia [18, 31], Africa [24, 32, 34, 40] and Asia [29, 35, 36, 39, 41]. The possible explanation might be a good implementation of the DOT program.…”

Impact of HIV status and predictors of successful treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients: A six-year retrospective cohort study

“…In this study, the magnitude of HIV was 24.5% which is similar to the finding of Harar town 22.8% [ 27 ], Felege Hiwot referral hospital (25%) [ 5 ], and Debre Tabor general hospital (24.2%) [ 48 ]. However, the prevalence was higher than previous studies at rural Ethiopian hospitals (1.7%) [ 22 ], Aurangabad city (7.28%) [ 26 ], and WHO 2019 TB report (8.6%) [ 7 ]. This high TB-HIV coinfection could be due to the higher proportion of patients from urban settings where there is a high prevalence of HIV.…”

“…However, the rate of successful treatment outcome was higher than studies conducted by Biadglegne et al (26%) [ 5 ], Shargie and Lindtjørn (49.5%) [ 64 ], Tessema et al 29.5% [ 30 ], Rocha et al (77.1%) [ 22 ], Fiseha et al (28.9%) [ 14 ], Asebe et al (70.76%) [ 32 ], Ejeta et al (70.8%) [ 47 ], Kefale et al (30.32%) [ 15 ], Warkari et al (63.21%) [ 26 ], Adebimpe et al (78.7%) [ 23 ] and Ansa et al (64.0%) [ 65 ]. The satisfactory treatment success rate in our study might be due to improved adherence of TB patients associated with a good implementation of DOTs strategy, which was indicated by relatively lower failures and default rates.…”

“…The co-infection has emerged as a major public health threat throughout the world compared to patients with TB alone [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. The risk of mortality from TB is significantly higher in the HIV-infected population [ 13 , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ] due to the shared immune defense mechanisms and HIV has also contributed to a worldwide resurgence of TB [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ].…”