Study of quality in fish and shellfish as food. V. Levels of oxolinic acid in cultured rainbow trout and amago salmon after oral administration.

Multiple dose pharmacokinetic study of oxolinic acid in cod, Gadus morhua L.

“…Investigating temperature dependent absorption and elimination of flumequine in fresh water held rainbow trout, Sohlberg et al (1994) reported a higher maximum concentration (C max ) value, faster distribution, clearance and elimination for the 13°C relative to 3°C held fish. Ueno et al (1988) demonstrated that the time to reach C max was longer at 10°C than at 15°C for oxolinic acid in rainbow trout following oral administration. Force feeding a single dose of commercial medicated pellets to rainbow trout held in fresh water at 5, 10 and 16°C, Bjørklund et al (1992) found that both C max , absorption and elimination of oxolinic acid was temperature dependant.…”

“…The majority of laboratory studies reporting administration of therapeutants at different temperatures used a single oral dose which was force fed to the fish in the absence (Bjørklund and Bylund 1990;Kleinow et al 1994;Sohlberg et al 1994;Rigos et al 2002) or in the presence of feed (Ueno et al 1988;Bjørklund et al 1992). Kleinow et al (1994) investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of oxolinic acid in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at freshwater temperatures of 14 and 24°C and reported that clearance, elimination half-life, oral bioavailability and distribution to muscle were temperature dependent.…”

Treatment of vibriosis in European sea bass larvae, Dicentrarchus labrax L., with oxolinic acid administered by bath or through medicated nauplii of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg): efficacy and residual kinetics

“…Oxolinic acid is a synthetic quinolone antibiotic that is especially active against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, and has been reported to possess excellent activity against fish pathogens (Samuelsen & Ervik 1999; Samuelsen & Berg 2004). There is extensive information on the pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in coldwater species including cod, Gadus morhua L. (Samuelsen & Berg 2004; Samuelsen 2006), Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) (Ueno et al. 1988; Samuelsen & Lunestad 1996), Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (Ueno et al.…”

“…There is extensive information on the pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in coldwater species including cod, Gadus morhua L. (Samuelsen & Berg 2004; Samuelsen 2006), Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) (Ueno et al. 1988; Samuelsen & Lunestad 1996), Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (Ueno et al. 1988; Martinsen & Horsberg 1995; Samuelsen et al.…”

Study of quality in fish and shellfish as food. IV. Levels of oxolinic acid in cultured yellowtail after oral administration.

“…From this point of view, previous papers have been reported about absorption and excretion of several fish drugs in cultured fish. [1][2][3] Oxolinic acid, which is a synthetic antibacterial agent having pyridopyrimidine ring, has been used as an effective drug against various gramnegative bacteria pathogenic to cultured fish.4) In 1986, this drug was established as one of the subjects of regulation of use for fish drugs in conformity with the Pharmaceutical Law in Japan*4 and is also recommended as the second selecting drug because of antibacterial actions to R facter-carring bacteria.…”