Study of Optical Modulation based on Binary Masks with Finite Pixels

Despite of tremendous potential of multiphoton lithography (MPL) in laboratorial and industrial applications, simultaneous achievement of high throughput, high accuracy, high design freedom, and a broad range of material structuring capabilities remains a long-pending challenge. To address the issue, we propose an acousto-optic scanning with spatial-switching multispots (AOSS) method. Inertia-free acousto-optic scanning and nonlinear swept techniques have been developed for achieving ultrahigh-speed and aberration-free scanning. Moreover, a spatial optical switch concept has been implemented to significantly boost the lithography throughput while maintaining high resolution and high design freedom. An eight-foci AOSS system has demonstrated a record-high 3D printing rate of 7.6×10^7 voxel/s, which is nearly one order of magnitude higher than earlier scanning MPL, exhibiting its promise for future scalable 3D nanomanufacturing.

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“…The optical power of each focus is shown in figure S3(a). The uniformity of our DOE is calculated by the following formula [68]:…”

Section: The Optical Structure Of Our Aoss Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acousto-optic Scanning Spatial-switching Multiphoton Lithography

Jiao

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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“…DMD is very perspective device due to its high frame rate. Nowadays, DMD can display up to about 30 thousand images per second [ 2 ]. DMDs can be used in various tasks: holographic projection and 3D television [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], media characterization [ 6 ], compressing imaging [ 7 ], 3D printing [ 8 ], mode generation [ 9 ], spectroscopy [ 10 ], digital [ 11 ] and computer-generated [ 12 ] hologram reconstruction, information packaging [ 13 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Binarization Method Is the Best for Amplitude Inline Fresnel Holograms Synthesized for Divergent Beams Using the Direct Search with Random Trajectory Technique?

et al. 2023

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Fast reconstruction of holographic and diffractive optical elements (DOE) can be implemented by binary digital micromirror devices (DMD). Since micromirrors of the DMD have two positions, the synthesized DOEs must be binary. This work studies the possibility of improving the method of synthesis of amplitude binary inline Fresnel holograms in divergent beams. The method consists of the modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm, Otsu binarization and direct search with random trajectory technique. To achieve a better quality of reconstruction, various binarization methods were compared. We performed numerical and optical experiments using the DMD. Holograms of halftone image with size up to 1024 × 1024 pixels were synthesized. It was determined that local and several global threshold methods provide the best quality. Compared to the Otsu binarization used in the original method of the synthesis, the reconstruction quality (MSE and SSIM values) is improved by 46% and the diffraction efficiency is increased by 27%.

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“…The AOSS method reported in this work shows lead-ing performance in scanning multi-photon lithography and also has a great potential for further development, in which the acousto-optic scanning range can be increased by increasing the scanning angle of acousto-optic scanning 18 , and the processing throughput can be further improved by increasing the number of multi-foci. For example, it has been reported that hundreds or even thousands of focuses can be independently controlled by spatial light modulators and digital micromirrors 19,20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%