Study of nitration equilibrium in the glycerin-aqueous nitric acid system. 1. Dependence of the equilibrium constants of nitration reactions on the temperature, acidity of the medium, and structure of the nitrated compound

Kazakov, A. I.; Lagodzinskaya, G. V.; Andrienko, L. P.; Yunda, N. G.; Королев, А. М.; Rubtsov, Yu. I.; Манелис, Г. Б.; Erëmenko, L. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00961477

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This paper compares the equilibrium constants which were proposed by Kazakov et al (1990a) and equilibrium constants from experimental work. The aim of this comparison was to choose equilibrium constants that were used in simulation.…”

Section: Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2. Equilibrium constants from Kazakov et al (1990a) and E A,1 to E A,7 to the experimental data. Figure 1 shows the comparison between the experimental data measured and calculated data points of the six compounds that are involved in nitration.…”

Section: Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several studies related to the nitration of glycerol. Nitration equilibrium in glycerol-aqueous system has been known (Kazakov et al, 1990a(Kazakov et al, , 1990bYunda et al, 1991). Highsmith et al (2002), Sanderson & Martins (2004), and Sanderson et al (2005) proposed several examples of synthesizing glycidyl nitrate from glycerol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

MAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glycerol can be synthesized to make 1,3-dinitroglycerin as an intermediate product to produce polyglycidyl nitrate. This study performed kinetic modeling of nitration used elementary reactions that consisting of seven reversible reactions. The aim of this present work is to find out the representing reaction of seven reactions tested. The concept work is to study the reaction rates and its relation to the position of the nitrated hydroxyl group in the molecule. Nitration of glycerol to 1,3-dinitroglycerin was studied in the temperature range 10-30 °C, the molar ratio of nitric acid to glycerol 1/1 to 7/1 and nitric acid concentration of 69%. The seven reaction terms represent the reactions that occurred in the nitration of glycerol. The position of hydroxyl group in molecule causes difference reaction rate. The primary hydroxyl group is more reactive than secondary hydroxyl group. The parameter values describe that the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th and 7 th reaction rates are very fast. On the contrary, the 2 nd , 4 th and 6 th reaction rates are slow.

show abstract

Section: Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equilibrium Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

MAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The concentration of eight compounds that consisted in nitration could be determined by analyzing the result of GC. The seven reversible reactions are [17]: Nitration of some compounds has successfully been modelled as first order with respect to each reactant [18][19][20][21]. At seven controlling reactions model, the obtained experimental data were treated on the hypothesis that the rate of glycerol nitration was described by first order with respect to each reactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ki is the rate constant and Ki the equilibrium constant at temperature T. Kazakov et al [17] mentioned the equilibrium constants of all the reactions of nitration at different temperature and different nitric acid concentration. Experimental works also derived equilibrium constants for each experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

Astuti¹,

Supranto²,

Rochmadi³

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, a kinetic model of nitration between glycerol and nitric acid was developed. The presented model describes three controlling reactions model used elementary reactions consisting of three reversible reactions. The model utilizes first order reaction according to each reactant. The nitration of glycerol was modelled by fitting the kinetic model with 6 parameters, the rate constant at an average temperature and the activation energy. The reaction rate is assumed to be governed by three reactions, i.e. the formation of MNG (mononitroglycerin), the formation of DNG (dinitroglycerin) and the formation of TNG (nitroglycerin). The aim of this work is compare two models: seven controlling reactions model and three controlling reactions model. Two models have the similar trend. The three controlling reactions model gives better fit than seven controlling reactions model. The accuracy of three controlling reactions model is higher. The advantage of the seven controlling reactions model is this model can predict all products of nitration. So this model can be used at preliminary design plant. Three controlling reactions model can be used at next step, as design of reactor.

show abstract

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Mufrodi

Astuti

Budiman

et al. 2020

Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

show abstract

Study of nitration equilibrium in the glycerin-aqueous nitric acid system. 1. Dependence of the equilibrium constants of nitration reactions on the temperature, acidity of the medium, and structure of the nitrated compound

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Kinetic Modeling of Nitration of Glycerol

Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About