Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

Astuti, Erna; Supranto, Supranto; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Prasetya, Agus

doi:10.4186/ej.2014.18.3.73

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The data presented in this paper can be used as biodiesel plant design data from waste cooking oil. Furthermore, glycerol as by-product biodiesel is also utilized into products that have more value-added such as triacetin [18,19] and 1,3-dinitroglycerin [20,21]. This will increase the economic value of the biodiesel plant from used cooking oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum condition of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using continuous stirred tank reactor

Astuti¹,

Mufrodi²

2019

IJSGCE

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Energy demand in Indonesia is increasing, but the availability of fossil energy is running low. Therefore the effort to get renewable energy is increasingly encouraged. The most widely alternative energy used in Indonesia is biodiesel. Waste cooking oil is very potential to be utilized as raw material of biodiesel. Currently there are 3.75 million liters of waste cooking oil per year. Waste cooking oil when discharged into the body of water will form a layer so that oxygen is blocked into the water. Utilization of waste cooking oil into biodiesel will reduce the burden of environmental pollution by waste cooking oil. This paper proposes optimum conditions of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using continuous stirred tank reactor with base catalyst. The research variables are reaction temperature, the mole ratio of waste cooking oil and methanol, and the amount of catalyst. This paper also evaluates the heating value of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum condition of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using continuous stirred tank reactor

Astuti¹,

Mufrodi²

2019

IJSGCE

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“…On the contrary, the second, fourth, and sixth reaction rates are slow. A kinetic model of nitration between glycerol and nitric acid was developed based on reaction that was proposed by Astuti et al (2014c). The seven reaction terms represent the reactions that occurred in the nitration of glycerol (Table 7.16).…”

Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simpler kinetic model of nitration between glycerol and nitric acid was proposed (Astuti et al 2014c). The presented model describes that three controlling reactions model used elementary reactions consisting of three reversible reactions.…”

Section: Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Mufrodi

Astuti

Budiman

et al. 2020

Applied Environmental Science and Engineering for a Sustainable Future

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material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…Three steps to make PGN from glycerol are nitration of glycerol, cyclization of 1,3-dinitroglycerin (1,3-DNG) and polymerization of glycidyl nitrate. A thermodynamic study, kinetic modeling and optimum condition of nitration have been described in the previous studies [2][3][4][5]. This paper proposes the optimum condition of cyclization of 1,3-DNG to synthesize glycidyl nitrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optimum Conditions for the Formation of Glycidyl Nitrate from 1,3-Dinitroglycerin

Astuti

Supranto

Rochmadi

et al. 2016

KEM

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One of the utilization of glycerol as byproduct of the biodiesel industry is to produce polyglycidyl nitrate, the most energetic polymer. The synthesize of polyglycidil nitrate from glycerol includes three steps: nitration, cyclization and polymerization. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimum conditions of cyclization. The cyclization was carried out in a 5 ml reactor and equipped with Hickman distillation head and nitrogen purge with the variables are mole ratio of sodium hydroxide/glycerol of 1/1 to 1.5/1, reaction temperature of 283.15 to 293.15 K and sodium hydroxide concentration of 15%. Each sample was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the composition of products. The optimum conditions are temperature of 288.15 K and the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide /glycerol of 1.5.

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Kinetic Modelling of Nitration of Glycerol: Three Controlling Reactions Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Optimum condition of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using continuous stirred tank reactor

Optimum condition of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using continuous stirred tank reactor

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

Optimum Conditions for the Formation of Glycidyl Nitrate from 1,3-Dinitroglycerin

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