Study of ecological compensation in complex river networks based on a mathematical model

Wang, Xiao; Shen, Chaoqun; Wei, Jun; Niu, Yong

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-2316-4

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is one of the most widespread forms of PWES practice. Therefore, PWES with this two-sided feature is an incentive instrument to address wateruse conflicts and transboundary pollution problems [76][77][78]. However, it has also increased the financial burden and subsequent social responsibility of the upstream areas because the opportunity costs of development restrictions in the upstream areas often outweigh the funds available from the PWES scheme.…”

Section: Residents' Livelihoods In Pwes Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services in the Eyes of the Public, China

Chen

Lü

2022

Sustainability

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Recent decades have witnessed an increased development of schemes for payment for watershed ecosystem services (PWES). However, the public is usually excluded from PWES systems. Reliable and empirical research on PWES from the public perspective is scarce. Aiming to understand public perceptions, attitudes, participation, and responses to PWES, this paper investigated local residents living in the Yongding River watershed area through a face-to-face questionnaire survey. The results showed that the public had limited knowledge of PWES. The public was keen to be involved in PWES decision-making, but the current level of public participation was very low. Regarding willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA), nearly 55% of the respondents supported paying the upstream residents for protecting the environment if they were beneficiaries in the downstream areas, while 85% of the respondents agreed to accept compensation if they were contributors to environmental improvement in the upstream areas. Although some of the respondents’ daily lives were affected by the watershed environment, they were reluctant to pay, reflecting a sign of “free-riding”. The regression analysis showed that public concerns, values, knowledge of PWES and the watershed environment, and demographic factors determined the WTP and WTA. The results of the contingent valuation method and opportunity costs method showed that the annual payment for headwater conservation areas (Huailai and Yanqing) ranged from CNY 245 to 718 million (USD 36 to 106 million). This study contributes to our limited knowledge and understanding of public sentiment and makes recommendations for improving public receptivity to PWES.

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Section: Residents' Livelihoods In Pwes Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services in the Eyes of the Public, China

Chen

Lü

2022

Sustainability

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“…Opportunity costs are the benefits that upstream areas sacrifice to limit economic development for ecological and environmental protection (Zhang et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2020). Direct costs are the actual costs incurred when implementing specific conservation measures, such as water pollution treatment costs (Wang et al, 2018). Dong et al (2011) calculated the amount of ecological compensation funds allocated in Shiyan, a water source for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, by subtracting state compensation and internal effects from the sum of the opportunity and direct costs of ecological protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive model of basin ecological compensation funds—A case study of the Yellow River Basin in China

Zhang

Zou²,

Zhang³

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The key issue in the ecological compensation mechanism in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is the allocation of ecological compensation funds, which need to be optimized to maximize the comprehensive benefits of compensation. In this study, a comprehensive allocation model for ecological compensation funds in the YRB was constructed using the “doughnut” framework. A pre-allocation model was used to enhance the ecological benefits and quantifies the ecological value created by the compensated subjects. A pre-allocation scheme was then determined using the pre-allocation model. The optimal allocation model focuses on benefit sharing and sets a socioeconomic discrimination index system to optimize the pre-allocation scheme. Then, an empirical analysis was conducted using data from 28 regions in the upstream YRB from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that in the pre-allocation scheme, the proportion of funds was low in the west and high in the east. Each region received compensation funds based on the ecological benefits they provide. In the optimal allocation scheme, the proportion of funds received by the central and western regions in the upstream YRB should be higher, while the proportion of funds received by provincial capitals and economically strong cities should be lower, which is in line with the actual development situation in the upstream YRB. The final scheme can effectively meet the objectives of basin-wide sustainable development, ecological benefits enhancement, and benefit sharing in the YRB. This can help achieve basin-wide sustainable development and provide a reference for determining ecological compensation fund allocation schemes in other basins.

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“…If the upstream area protects this water environment, it will affect local economic development. Then there is a contradiction between water resources conservation and economic development that needs to be solved urgently [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards

Gao

Shen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Ecological compensation standards and the allocation of compensation funds have always been the core issues of watershed ecological compensation. Due to the construction of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), Jiangsu Province has paid a huge cost for the protection of water resources, and local economic development has been greatly affected. Therefore, this paper takes Jiangsu Province, the water source area of the Eastern Route of the SNWTP as an example, and combines a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology, using the ecosystem services value method to calculate the ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2018. Then the change of this ecosystem services value in Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2018 is taken as the basis for watershed ecological compensation standards of the Eastern Route. Through a compensation fund allocation model, watershed ecological compensation funds are allocated to four cities, Yangzhou, Huai’an, Suqian and Xuzhou, which are located along the Eastern Route of this SNWTP in Jiangsu Province. The results show that: (1) The ecosystem services value of Jiangsu Province has changed greatly. Urbanization and market environment of grain crops are the main reasons for this change; (2) the relationship between ecosystem services in Jiangsu Province is mainly synergistic; (3) Suqian receives US$24.73 million; Huai’an receives US$16.49 million; Yangzhou receives US$54.88 million and Xuzhou receives US$0.95 million in watershed ecological compensation, respectively. Watershed ecological compensation standards based upon the value of ecosystem services, and the allocation of compensation funds at the municipal level, are conducive to the improvement in efficiency of watershed ecological compensation in mainland China.

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Study of ecological compensation in complex river networks based on a mathematical model

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services in the Eyes of the Public, China

Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services in the Eyes of the Public, China

A comprehensive model of basin ecological compensation funds—A case study of the Yellow River Basin in China

Changes in Ecosystem Services Value and Establishment of Watershed Ecological Compensation Standards

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