Study of Cherenkov light lateral distribution function around the knee region in extensive air showers

Abstract

The Cherenkov light lateral distribution function (LDF) was simulated with the CORSIKA code, in the energy range (10 13 -10 16 ) eV. This simulation was performed for conditions and configurations of the Tunka EAS Cherenkov array for two primary particles (p and Fe). Basing on the simulated results, many approximated functions are structured for two primary particles and different zenith angles. This allowed us to reconstruct the EAS events, which is, to determine the type and energy of the primary particles that produced showers from signal amplitudes of Cherenkov radiation which measured with Tunka Cherenkov array experiment. Comparison of the calculated LDF of Cherenkov radiation with that measured at the Tunka EAS array shows the ability for identifying of the primary particle that initiated the EAS cascades determining of its primary energy around the knee region of the cosmic ray spectrum.

Parameterization of Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function as a Function of the Zenith Angle around the Knee Region

“…7 was performed as a function of the zenith angle with the following expressions: Equation 7 with its parameters (Eqs. [8][9][10][11][12]) is a function of the distance R from the shower core and zenith angle, which are verified in comparison with the CLLDF which was simulated using CORSIKA code for two zenith angles 22 o and 42 o for the fixed energy 3 PeV as shown in Fig. 6.…”

“…In the present work, the simulation of CLLDF is performed using CORSIKA code by using two hadronic models: QGSJET (Quark Gluon String model with JETs) code [9] that was used to model interactions of hadrons with energies greater than 80 GeV and GHEISHA (Gamma Hadron Electron Interaction Shower) code [10] which is used for energies lower than 80 GeV. The simulation of CORSIKA program was performed for the configuration of the Tunka-133 for primary proton with the energy 3.10 15 eV at different zenith angles [11]. In Fig.…”

Approximating the Lateral Distribution Function of Cherenkov Radiation as a Function of the Particle Type for Tunka-133 Array

“…For approximating the simulated LDF of Cherenkov radiation. The proposed four parameters function are used and given by [18,19]:…”

Demonstrating of Cosmic Ray Characteristics by Estimating the Cherenkov Light Lateral Distribution Function for Yakutsk Array as a Function of the Zenith Angle

“…[3] which depends on four parameters a, b, σ and r o . This function was normalized by the coefficient C=10 3 m -1 [19]:…”

“…Unlike Refs. [19,20], the parameters of CLLDF were parameterized as a function of the zenith angle θ using the third fit polynomial, which given by the relation:…”