Study for Assessing Prevalence and Phenotypes of Local Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

Background: Rhinitis is a global health problem that affects 20-40% of the population in developed countries and whose incidence is rising. Rising is characterized by one or more of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing and itching. It can be induced by different mechanisms and involves several etiological agents. Noninfectious rhinitis has traditionally been classified as allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR).Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and phenotypes of local allergic rhinitis in patients with clinical manifestations of AR without evidence of systemic IgE sensitization. Methods:This cross sectional, case-control, and nonrandomized study was conducted on 120 patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of allergic rhinitis (selected from the allergy outpatient clinic at Ain Shams university hospitals and 20 healthy controls.Results: Local allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 80% of females and 20% of males. While the patients with systemic allergic rhinitis reached 37.5% for males, and 62.5% were females. Regarding the persistence of symptoms in local allergic rhinitis it reached 88% in comparison to 67.5% in systemic allergic rhinitis. The symptoms were intermittent in 12 % of cases with local allergic rhinitis in comparison to 32.5% in systemic allergic rhinitis. The severe symptoms outweighed the mild symptoms by nearly 50%. The skin prick test reached 80% positive in cases of LAR. Those with normal levels of total IgE level, the nasal provocation test was positive in 12.5% of cases and 7.5% negative. Conclusion:Local allergic rhinitis is a prevalent entity in patient evaluated with rhinitis.

Correlation of Serum Levels of Interleukin‑1β and CCL 24 with Severity of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis in Children

“…Normal total IgE was detected in 26% of cases and elevated in 74% of them in current study. Concerning measuring total IgE, Ganesan and coworkers 14 in their study reported only 45.3% of children had elevated serum total IgE levels, while Refaat and his colleagues 15 found that 80% of allergic rhinitis patients had elevated total IgE. The threshold for diagnosing allergic disease and the ability to discriminate between allergic conditions by total IgE assessment are lacking 16 .…”

The Most Common Allergens in Pediatric Patients in Iraq

“…Allergens are almost always proteins, for a protein antigen to display allergenic activity; it must induce IgE production, which must lead to a type 1 hypersensitivity response on subsequent exposure to the same protein (3) . The factors that may cause an antigen to become an allergen include: biochemical properties of the allergen, stimulating factors of the innate immune response around the allergen substances at the time of exposure, stability of the allergen in the tissues, digestive system, skin, or mucosa, and the dose and time of stay in lymphatic organs during the interaction with the immune system (4) . The main allergens that account for the most allergic diseases include:  Ingestible allergens, e.g.…”