Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a distressing clinical presentation especially in pediatric age which affects quality of life and may predispose to bronchial asthma. Various inflammatory biomarkers might be involved in allergic rhinitis pathogenesis and correlated with its severity such as IL1 β and CCL 24. Objectives: This study aims to detect serum level of IL 1 β and CCL24 in studied pediatric patients and correlate their levels with the severity of allergic rhinitis and with comorbid asthma in children. Methodology: Peripheral blood eosinophil count was detected and serum level of IgE, IL1 β and CCL24 were assayed in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis using ELISA. In addition, correlation of their levels with the severity of AR. Results: Eosinophil count and serum levels of IL1 β and CCL24 were significantly elevated in (AR) patients compared with the controls (P=0.00001*), (P=0.026*) and (P=0.017*) respectively. Parental smoking and Associated Asthma of high statistical significance when correlated with severity of allergic rhinitis (P=0.005) and (P<0.001) respectively. Family history of allergy& allergy in other sibling were also significantly correlated with severity of AR (P=0.093) and (P=0.02) respectively. Conclusion: This study clarifies the evidence that IL-1β is an important inflammatory biomarker for pathogenesis and severity of allergic rhinitis and it might predispose to other allergic diseases subsequently it may be investigated as a therapeutic target especially in severe cases.
Increased resistance to antibiotics among Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates is a rising problem, and new alternatives should be provided to overcome this problem. Toxin-Antitoxin system (TA) is considered a promising essential target for antimicrobial drugs. Objective: To detect the prevalence of toxin-antitoxin system in A. baumannii isolated from patients at Zagazig University Hospitals. Methodology: Following isolation, oxidase test and API20NE were used to identify A. baumannii, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed to all isolates obtained, and amplification and screening of functional mazEF, relBE and higBA toxin-antitoxin genes were done by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: Out of 252 clinical specimens collected, 27(10.7%) were A. baumannii; 13 (15.3%) isolates were isolated from endotracheal aspirates, 4 (13.3%) from sputum samples, 7 (9.2%) from urine, 2 (4.5%) from pus, and 1 (14.3%) from blood. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistant, and the highest susceptibility was to meropenem (66.7 %) followed by imipenem (63%). Regarding PCR results, 22 isolates (81.5%) had relBE gene, 17 (62.9%)had mazEF gene, and 8(29.6%) had higBA gene. In the RT-PCR results, all genes were functional in all isolates. Conclusion: TA system genes are prevalent among A. baumannii isolates, in particular; relBE and mazEF genes and they are functional.
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics. Unfortunately, ciprofloxacin-resistant P.aeruginosa has emerged with multiple resistance mechanisms. Objectives: This study aims to determine the frequency of gyrA (Topoisomerase II) mutation and its contribution to ciprofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from patients at Zagazig University Hospitals. Methodology: Cultivation of pus specimens, identification of isolates by Gram stain, oxidase test and API20NE. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were done for all isolates. PCR -RFLP was used to detect mutation in gyrA gene. Results: Among 192 examined specimens, 30 (15.6%) P. aerguinosa were isolated mainly from Surgery and Burn Unit. Fourteen isolates (46.7%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Ten (71.4%, P<0.001) isolates had shown mutation in gyr A gene by PCR-RFLP. Conclusion: Mutation in gyrA gene is a major mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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