Study effects on diamond concentration of CuSnFeNi/diamond composite on grinding WC

High-Performance Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells

“…3−5 However, in the case of conventional sintering using heat convection, the poor sinterability nature of the protonic perovskite oxides inevitably requires high temperatures (>1500 °C) and long durations (up to ∼20 h) in the sintering process to achieve highly dense electrolyte structures (left side of Figure 1). 6,7 During this extreme heat treatment process, the diffusion of cations in the perovskite oxide lattice (e.g., barium evaporation and yttria precipitation) can cause stoichiometric imbalance of the mother structure, resulting in a loss of its high protonic conductivity. 8,9 To alleviate this problem, various studies have been conducted.…”

“…Ba-based perovskite materials including BaCe 0.75 Y 0.15 O 3‑δ (BCY), BaZr 0.85 Y 0.15 O 3‑δ (BZY), and BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.2 O 3‑δ (BZCY) have been used as electrolyte materials owing to their high proton conducting properties. − However, in the case of conventional sintering using heat convection, the poor sinterability nature of the protonic perovskite oxides inevitably requires high temperatures (>1500 °C) and long durations (up to ∼20 h) in the sintering process to achieve highly dense electrolyte structures (left side of Figure ). , During this extreme heat treatment process, the diffusion of cations in the perovskite oxide lattice (e.g., barium evaporation and yttria precipitation) can cause stoichiometric imbalance of the mother structure, resulting in a loss of its high protonic conductivity. , To alleviate this problem, various studies have been conducted. For example, Nikodemski et al reported that metal ion sintering additives such as Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cu 2+ with an ionic radius similar to Zr 4+ accelerated the densification of BZCY (>90%) at a relatively low sintering temperature (∼1450 °C) due to the formation of numerous defects in the Zr 4+ sites during the reactive sintering .…”