Studies on the evolution of bisexual reproduction in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)

Karyotype, morphology, and reproduction ability of the Prussian carp, <I>Carassius gibelio</I> (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), from unisexual and bisexual populations in Poland

“…However, fertile triploid males (3n = 156) of this species with normal morphology of germ cells at all stages of gametogenesis were found in natural triploid gynogenetic populations in northeast China (Shen et al 1983, Fan and Shen 1990, Zhou et al 2000, Yang et al 2008. Later triploid C. gibelio males (3n = 130-150) were found in the Lower Don drainage (Abramenko et al 1997), Sea of Azov basin (Abramenko et al 2004) and in the Dyje River, Czech Republic (Flajšhans et al 2008).…”

“…The first type of eggs constitute about 50%-90% of the eggs, but the second about 10%-50% of all eggs (Fan and Liu 1990, Fan and Shen 1990, Zhou et al 2000. The ratio of "G" to "B"-type eggs might be influenced by environmental conditions (temperature, hydrostatic pressure) or by age, health, and nutritional condition of the fish (Fan and Shen 1990).…”

“…Diploid individuals of Prussian carp were reported to have varying numbers of chromosomes, ranging from 2n = 94 to 2n = 100, whereas in triploid representatives the chromosome number ranged from 3n = 141 to 3n = 160 (Cherfas 1966, Penaz et al 1979, Fister and Soldatovic 1989, Fan and Shen 1990, Boroń 1994, Tóth et al 2005.…”

A novel allotetraploid gibel carp strain with maternal body type and growth superiority

“…Gibel carp, also commonly known Prussian carp, which was previously nominated as a subspecies (Carassius auratus gibelio) (Fan and Shen, 1990;Gui, 1997), has been recently suggested as a separate species Carassius gibelio (Rylkova et al, 2010;Gui and Zhou, 2010;Kalous and Knytl, 2011;Wang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015). It has been found throughout a vast territory of Eurasian continent (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007;Jiang et al, 2013).…”

Use of Prussian carp, <I>Carassius gibelio,</I> pituitaries in the artificial propagation of female common carp, <I>Cyprinus carpio</I>

“…Prussian carp is distributed in 31 countries (Froese and Pauly 2008). It is widely considered as pest species in most European aquatic ecosystems (Kottelat 1997) due to gynogenetic reproduction (Fan and Shen 1990, Gui 1996, Zou et al 2001 and its flexible interspecific mating strategy for sperm exploitation ). This reproductive strategy and the antagonistic behaviour for food and space in spawning grounds have created visible negative effects on indigenous species and in trophic complexes in various ecosystems , Perdikaris et al 2005, Tsoumani et al 2006.…”