Studies on the chemical control of luminous bacteria Vibrio harveyi and V splendidus solated from diseased Penaeus monodon arvae and rearing water

Abstract

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 24 drugs for luminous bacteria Vibrio harveyi and V. splendidus were determined. Only chloramphenicol, sodium nifurstyrenate and the nitrofurans (furazolidone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin and Prefuran) showed relatively low MICs and MBCs (< 25 pg ml-l). The bacteria showed varied responses to chloramphenicol and Prefuran, and low sensitivity to oxytetracycline. Chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and Prefuran are commonly used in shrimp hatcheries. Shrimp larvae showed high survival rates and active swimming movement after 24 h exposure to in vivo bactericidal doses of chloramphenicol, Furacin, nitrofurantoin (protozoea only), oxytetracycline (nauplius only). Prefuran (mysis only) and sodium nifurstyrenate, but the drugs caused deformities in the carapace, rostrum, and setae. Chemical control of luminous vibriosis among shrimp larvae appears limited, based on the efficacy of existing and readily available drugs, because of the possible development of resistant strains of bacteria and the limited tolerance of the shrimp larvae to the drugs.

Virulence of luminous vibrios to Artemia franciscana nauplii

“…Variability is possibly connected with shrimp species tested (Vera et al 1992), doses used, time of exposure, age of the shrimp (Jun & Huai-Shu 1998) or pathogenic factors of the strains employed (Pena et al 1993, Gomez-Gil et al 1998. Variation in virulence for penaeid shrimp larvae has also been observed in V. harveyi strains isolated from different geographical regions and organisms (Lavilla-Pitogo et al 1990, Pizzuto & Hirst 1995, Abraham et al 1997. In the present study, < 50% of the strains isolated from diseased shrimp caused significant mortality in A. franciscana nauplii.…”

“…Luminous vibriosis is caused mainly by strains of V. harveyi but occasionally also by V. splendidus Biovar I, and it is a serious threat to penaeid shrimp hatcheries (Song & Lee 1993, Karunasagar et al 1994, Lavilla-Pitogo 1995. V. harveyi has been associated with mortalities of penaeid shrimp larvae in the Philippines , Lavilla-Pitogo et al 1990, Thailand (Jiravanichpaisal et al 1994), India (Karunasagar et al 1994), Indonesia (Prayitno & Latchford 1995), Australia (Pizzutto & Hirst 1995), Venezuela (Alvarez et al 1998) and Ecuador (Robertson et al 1998). Additionally, there is an increasing list of aquatic animals for which V. harveyi has also been reported as a major pathogen, including finfish (Balebona et al 1995, Saeed 1995, bivalves (Pass et al 1987) and phyllosoma larvae of the lobster Jasus verreauxi (Diggles et al 2000).…”

“…However, during some disease epizootics, luminous Vibrio spp. counts can increase 1000-fold inside larval rearing tanks, leading to bacterial infection by an oral route (Lavilla-Pitogo et al 1990). Luminous vibriosis is caused mainly by strains of V. harveyi but occasionally also by V. splendidus Biovar I, and it is a serious threat to penaeid shrimp hatcheries (Song & Lee 1993, Karunasagar et al 1994, Lavilla-Pitogo 1995.…”

Isolation and Identification of <i>Vibrio</i> sp. in the Hepatopancreas of Cultured White Pacific Shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>)

“…Pathogenic bacteria have also been involved in this crisis vibrio species are among the most important bacterial pathogens of cultured shrimp, responsible for up to 100% stricken, species such as V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus have been frequently associated with mortalities both in hatcheries and grow out ponds [9,10]. The trend of above, the present investigation has been made on isolation and identification of Vibrio species from infected hepatopancreas of P. vannamei.…”

Immunomodulatory Effect Of Alginic Acid From Brown Seaweed Sargassum Wightii On Disease Resistance In Penaeus Monodon

“…It has been estimated that various diseases continued to lose shrimp farming industries worldwide about US$ 3 billion per year, bringing down world shrimp production by 40% [9,15]. Vibrio has been implicated as the main bacterial pathogen of shrimp [3,1]. During the past fifteen years, commercial shrimp farming based on local species such as Penaeus monodon, Marsupenaeus japonicus and the exotic species Littopenaeus vannamei have suffered with disease outbreaks associated with bacteria like Vibrio alginolyticus [13], V. parahaemolyticus [19]and V. vulnificus [18].…”