Studies of a Water Treatment Device That Uses Magnetic Fields

Busch, Kenneth W.; Busch, Marianna A.; Parker, DF; Darling, R. E.; McAtee, James L.

doi:10.5006/1.3585999

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…When the pH is not controlled, a pronounced magnetic effect on solution pH has been recorded with the treated solution pH reduced by up to 0.5 pH units. Similar trends have been reported while using intrusive magnets 19 . No velocity dependency of the magnetically-induced changes on scaling rate was apparent between¯ow rates of 1±2 ms -1 .…”

Section: Results and Discussion Effect On Scaling Kinetics And Scale supporting

confidence: 74%

Magnetically Augmented Water Treatment

Parsons

Judd

Stephenson

et al. 1997

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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A test rig was constructed to investigate the effect of orthogonally applied magnetic ® elds on solutions of calcium carbonate and accompanying changes in scale deposits formed from solution. The rig employed recirculated calcium carbonate solutions, which were passed through magnetic ® elds of strengths up to 7000 Gauss. Scaling occurred on a copper heat exchanger surface at temperatures set at between 408 C and 608 C. Changes in solution chemistry, zeta potential and particle size were also investigated. Scale deposits were analysed by scanning electron microscopy.Results showed that magnetic treatment had a signi® cant effect on the precipitation/ deposition of calcium carbonate from solution under controlled physico-chemical conditions. Scaling was affected by the system temperature, pH and degree of supersaturation. The magnetic ® eld was shown to in¯uence signi® cantly the zeta potential and particle size distribution of particles formed in solution, as well as the crystal morphology of the calcium carbonate deposits.This paper presents a summary of laboratory results and relates them to a possible mechanism.

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Section: Results and Discussion Effect On Scaling Kinetics And Scale supporting

confidence: 74%

Magnetically Augmented Water Treatment

Parsons

Judd

Stephenson

et al. 1997

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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“…The WCM is placed into the water to be treated. There is experimental evidence [2] that treatment devices can leak small amounts of iron from their casing changing the chemical and physical properties of the fluid to be treated and can thus influence scaling in a merely chemical way [31]. In order to avoid such leakage, we chose to expose our water samples to the WCM without contact to the device itself.…”

Section: Water Core Magnets (Wcms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Gradients in Weak Magnetic Fields Induce DOLLOP Formation in Tap Water

Sammer¹,

Kamp²,

Paulitsch-Fuchs³

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:In 2012 Coey proposed a theory on the mechanism of magnetic water treatment based on the gradient of the applied field rather than its absolute strength. We tested this theory by measuring the effect of very weak field magnets (ď 10 G) containing strong magnetic inhomogeneities (∆B = 2 kG¨m´1) on tap water samples by the use of electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and laser scattering. Our results show an increased formation of nm-sized prenucleation clusters (dynamically ordered liquid like oxyanion polymers or "DOLLOPs") due to the exposure to the magnetic field and thus are consistent with Coey's theory which is therefore also applicable to very weak magnetic fields as long as they contain strong gradients.

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“…According to the review paper of Baker and Judd [4], the efficiency of this treatment is still a controversial question and, as yet, there is no clear explanation of the phenomenon. At the same time, conclusions drawn based on laboratory work sometimes are opposite to each other [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation: Ionic and particle mechanisms

Saksono

Gozan

Bismo

et al. 2008

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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There are two most widely reported mechanisms to study the effect of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) precipitate, namely ionic and particle mechanisms. The effects are most debatable because they are contrary to each other. This study explored the effects of both mechanisms in CaCO 3 deposit and total CaCO 3 precipitation using ionic and particle methods. The ionic method showed reductions in CaCO 3 deposit and total precipitation rate of CaCO 3 , whereas the particle method showed the opposite results. The particle number decreased and the average particle diameter of CaCO 3 deposit increased in the ionic method. Meanwhile in the particle method, the particle number increased, average particle diameter decreased and particle aggregation of CaCO 3 was observed. XRD measurement on all deposits showed that the crystal deposit was mostly of calcite and the traces of vaterite. However, the amount of the crystal in the particle method was observed to be less than that in the ionic method, indicating that CaCO 3 deposit was more amorphous. Particle mechanism decreased the Ca 2+ ion concentration in solution during magnetization, and ionic mechanism reduced scale (CaCO 3 ) formation after magnetization and separation processes. This method could be applied for decreasing water hardness and prevent the formation of scaling.

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Studies of a Water Treatment Device That Uses Magnetic Fields

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetically Augmented Water Treatment

Magnetically Augmented Water Treatment

Strong Gradients in Weak Magnetic Fields Induce DOLLOP Formation in Tap Water

Effects of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation: Ionic and particle mechanisms

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