Studien an der Symbiose der Anobiiden

Kühlwein, H.; Jurzitza, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/bf00540577

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Possibly relevant to their peculiar ecology of continuously living on monotonous and non-fresh food sources, stored-product pest beetles are often associated with symbiotic microorganisms, including the Sitophilus grain weevils (Curculionidae) with bacteriome-harbored gammaproteobacterium Sodalis pierantonius ( 26 , 27 ), the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne and the drugstore beetle Stegobium paniceum (Anobiidae) with yeast-like fungal symbionts Symbiotaphrina spp. in the gut-associated symbiotic organs both endocellularly and extracellularly ( 39 – 41 ), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae), whose bacteriome-associated endosymbiont was recently identified as belonging to the Bacteroidetes ( 42 ). Considering their easy rearing, experimental tractability, and economic importance, identification and understanding of biological roles of the bacteriome-associated endosymbionts in such stored-product pests are of general relevance to both basic and applied aspects of entomology and microbiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle

Hirota

Okude

Anbutsu

et al. 2017

mBio

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The saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Silvanidae), is a cosmopolitan stored-product pest. Early studies on O. surinamensis in the 1930s described the presence of peculiar bacteriomes harboring endosymbiotic bacteria in the abdomen. Since then, however, the microbiological nature of the symbiont has been elusive. Here we investigated the endosymbiotic system of O. surinamensis in detail. In the abdomen of adults, pupae, and larvae, four oval bacteriomes were consistently identified, whose cytoplasm was full of extremely elongated tubular bacterial cells several micrometers wide and several hundred micrometers long. Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified the symbiont as a member of the Bacteroidetes, in which the symbiont was the most closely related to the endosymbiont of a grain pest beetle, Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae). The symbiont was detected in developing embryos, corroborating vertical symbiont transmission through host generations. The symbiont gene showed AT-biased nucleotide composition and accelerated molecular evolution, plausibly reflecting degenerative evolution of the symbiont genome. When the symbiont infection was experimentally removed, the aposymbiotic insects grew and reproduced normally, but exhibited a slightly but significantly more reddish cuticle and lighter body mass. These results indicate that the symbiont of O. surinamensis is not essential for the host’s growth and reproduction but contributes to the host’s cuticle formation. Symbiont genome sequencing and detailed comparison of fitness parameters between symbiotic and aposymbiotic insects under various environmental conditions will provide further insights into the symbiont’s biological roles for the stored-product pest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle

Hirota

Okude

Anbutsu

et al. 2017

mBio

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“…The 1960s–1970s saw a flurry of changes including the near-simultaneous, yet independent movement of both the L. serricorne and St. paniceum symbionts to the Taphrinales, and the introduction of the genus name Symbiotaphrina [ 84 , 85 ]. Standardized culturing methods found many metabolic differences between the two symbionts even with their close phylogenetic relationship ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Drugstore and Cigarette Beetles— Symbiotaphrinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized culturing methods found many metabolic differences between the two symbionts even with their close phylogenetic relationship ( Table 2 ). The taxonomic names for the St. paniceum symbiont, Symbiotaphrina buchneri [ 84 ], and for the L. serricorne symbiont, Symbiotaphrina kochii [ 86 ], held until 1976 when the name Torulopsis was reestablished [ 87 ]. However, Symbiotaphrina was reinstated and validated four years later [ 88 ].…”

Section: Drugstore and Cigarette Beetles— Symbiotaphrinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…kochii was able to grow in the absence of biotin and thiamine, but Sy. buchneri was not [ 84 ]. Together, these studies provide strong evidence suggesting that Sy.…”

Section: The Historical Research Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…kochii (thiamine and biotin prototroph) and Sy. buchneri (thiamine and biotin auxotroph), which suggests underlying genetic differences [ 84 ].…”

Section: The Historical Research Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rediscovering a Forgotten System of Symbiosis: Historical Perspective and Future Potential

Martinson

2020

Genes

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While the majority of symbiosis research is focused on bacteria, microbial eukaryotes play important roles in the microbiota and as pathogens, especially the incredibly diverse Fungi kingdom. The recent emergence of widespread pathogens in wildlife (bats, amphibians, snakes) and multidrug-resistant opportunists in human populations (Candida auris) has highlighted the importance of better understanding animal–fungus interactions. Regardless of their prominence there are few animal–fungus symbiosis models, but modern technological advances are allowing researchers to utilize novel organisms and systems. Here, I review a forgotten system of animal–fungus interactions: the beetle–fungus symbioses of Drugstore and Cigarette beetles with their symbiont Symbiotaphrina. As pioneering systems for the study of mutualistic symbioses, they were heavily researched between 1920 and 1970, but have received only sporadic attention in the past 40 years. Several features make them unique research organisms, including (1) the symbiont is both extracellular and intracellular during the life cycle of the host, and (2) both beetle and fungus can be cultured in isolation. Specifically, fungal symbionts intracellularly infect cells in the larval and adult beetle gut, while accessory glands in adult females harbor extracellular fungi. In this way, research on the microbiota, pathogenesis/infection, and mutualism can be performed. Furthermore, these beetles are economically important stored-product pests found worldwide. In addition to providing a historical perspective of the research undertaken and an overview of beetle biology and their symbiosis with Symbiotaphrina, I performed two analyses on publicly available genomic data. First, in a preliminary comparative genomic analysis of the fungal symbionts, I found striking differences in the pathways for the biosynthesis of two B vitamins important for the host beetle, thiamine and biotin. Second, I estimated the most recent common ancestor for Drugstore and Cigarette beetles at 8.8–13.5 Mya using sequence divergence (CO1 gene). Together, these analyses demonstrate that modern methods and data (genomics, transcriptomes, etc.) have great potential to transform these beetle–fungus systems into model systems again.

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Der Vitaminbedarf normaler und aposymbiontischer Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) und die Bedeutung der symbiontischen Pilze als Vitaminquelle f�r ihre Wirte

Jurzitza

1969

Oecologia

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Normal Lasioderma serricorne were reared on a totally synthetic, vitamin-free diet for 4 subsequent generations, though development was substantially retarded when compared with that in a diet containing all B-vitamins and a sterol necessary for growth of aposymbiotic larvae. Comparing growth in the presence or absence of the symbionts on diets with a single vitamin omitted it was demonstrated that the microorganisms are able to supply thiamin, lactoflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, choline and a sterol. The importance of symbionts for the production of biotin was shown with aposymbiotic larvae whose parents had been reared on a biotin-free diet, and part of whom had been reinfected with their symbionts. Normal larvae need a concentration of 2 mgs, aposymbiotic of 8 mgs, of choline chloride per g diet for optimal growth. Mesoinositol, carnitine, ribo- and desoxyribonucleic acid did not influence growth on a complete diet. Heliosan beer yeast (Cenovis) contains a growth promoting factor remaining in the insoluble residue after extraction with water, methanol and chloroform.

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Studien an der Symbiose der Anobiiden

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle

A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle

Rediscovering a Forgotten System of Symbiosis: Historical Perspective and Future Potential

Der Vitaminbedarf normaler und aposymbiontischer Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) und die Bedeutung der symbiontischen Pilze als Vitaminquelle f�r ihre Wirte

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