“…Besides weevils, early histological studies described the presence of bacteriome-associated endosymbiotic bacteria in horned powderpost beetles and grain borers (Bostrichidae) (Mansour, 1934;Buchner, 1954;Huger, 1956), saw-toothed grain beetles (Silvanidae) (Koch, 1931(Koch, , 1936Huger, 1956), soft-winged flower beetles (Dasytidae) (Stammer, 1933), false click beetles (Throscidae) (Stammer, 1933), and tree sap beetles (Nosodendridae) (Stammer, 1933). For decades, the microbiological nature of these endosymbiotic bacteria associated with the tiny minor beetles has been elusive, but recent molecular phylogenetic and genomic studies identified the bostrichid endosymbionts as belonging to the Bacteroidetes (Okude et al, 2017;Engl et al, 2018), the silvanid endosymbionts as allied to the bostrichid endosymbionts in the Bacteroidetes (Hirota et al, 2017;Engl et al, 2018), and the dasytid endosymbionts belonging to the γ-Proteobacteria (Weiss and Kaltenpoth, 2016). Meanwhile, the throscid endosymbionts and the nosodendrid endosymbionts are still to be characterized.…”