“…Teachers moved "the knowledge delivery outside of formal class time," leaving the class time for students to, "actively and extensively interact with peers and teachers" (Cheng et al, 2019, p. 796). The idea is that rather than sit passively and listen to a lecture, class time could be used for "whole class brainstorming, group based hands on assignments and peer review, feedback exchange, and remedial help" (Kong, 2014, p. 161).The notion of a flipped classroom is that students can listen to lectures on their own time and at their own pace (Bicen & Taspolat, 2019;Kugler et al, 2019), leaving the class period for activities like large and small group discussions and personalized learning (Francl, 2014), changing the role of the instructor from the sage on the stage to the guide on the side (Bicen & Taspolat, 2019;Cheng et al, 2019).…”