“…Activities like this can be boring and weaken student activities in learning, (4) conventional learning model support systems focus on utilizing the available facilities, which are still very limited, for example, textbooks (Mynbayeva Sadvakassova, & BakhytkulAkshalova, 2017). One conventional method that teachers use in the learning process, especially in science learning, is the lecture, question-and-answer, and assignment method (Hidayat, Rakhmat, Fattah, Rochyadi, Bayu, Nandiyanto, & Maryanti, 2020;Puspitarini & Hanif, 2019;Susiani, 2022). In these methods, the role of the teacher is very large.…”