Struggling for control over the plague

Knirel, Yu. A.; Fedorova, V. A.; Anisimov, Andrey P.

doi:10.1134/s1019331611010035

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In an outbreak in Madagascar patients were treated with streptomycin antibiotic: 0.5g every 3hours for 2 days, 0.5g every 4 hours for 2 days and 1g twice a day for 4 days and chemoprophylaxis consisted of sulphadoxine at 2g per adult [24]. Since plague is primarily carried by wild rodents such as squirrels, gerbils, marmots, meadow voles and pikas and passed on to humans by fleas, controlling these group of animals will enhance reduction in the transmission of the infection and reduce subsequent deaths that might result [9]. Fleas who are the vectors of Y. pestis to humans are a very important connection line that should be destroyed for effective control and prevention of plague in a population [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 200 species of mammals are susceptible to infection by this agent [7] and it has been credited with the death of about 200 million people in human history [8]. It belongs to the highest class of bioterrorism agents being classified as a category A bioterror agent by the Centre for Disease Control, Atlanta, U.S.A. [1,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bubonic plague form presents as fever, painful bubo from flea bite, chills and headache [12,13]. The septicaemic form presents with bacteraemia symptoms of fever, chills, malaise and headache and is almost always fatal if treatment is delayed [7,9]. The pneumonic form usually involves the respiratory system and presents with pneumonic signs and is a frequent deadly presentation of plague [2,7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simulation of the use of Yersinia pestis as a Biological Weapon in Nigeria

Bamaiyi¹

2017

IJAVMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A simulation study using the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler was carried out on the potential usage of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague ('black death'), as a biological weapon of terror. The study revealed widespread infections, incidences and deaths due to the infection all over Nigeria with bioweapon attacks originating from 2 Nigerian cities. Instituting an effective intervention program against the infection could save as many as 3.6 million lives within 10 days of the onset of the intervention program. Intervention programs could include social distancing policies and the use of antibiotics in addition to controlling the rodents and fleas vector population. Because of the relative ease of development of bioweapons and the desperation by terrorists to use any weapon at their disposal to achieve terror, there is an urgent need for an effective preparedness plan that can stop or limit the use of this category A bio-agent for biowarfare.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simulation of the use of Yersinia pestis as a Biological Weapon in Nigeria

Bamaiyi¹

2017

IJAVMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Before the germ theory of disease, physicians believed that the plague spread through poisoned air that could create an imbalance in a person's humor or bodily fluids. Sweet and pungent perfumes were thought to fumigate plaguestricken areas and protect the smeller; nosegays, incense, and other perfumes were common in the era (Knirel et al 2011). Again, the plague doctors filled their masks with theriac, which a compound of more than fifty-five herbs with viper flesh powder, cinnamon, myrrh, and honey.…”

Section: Description Of Beaked Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHY WEARING BEAKED MASKS? Knirel et al (2011) state that it is difficult to find a disease with many similarities with an outbreak that occurred in the past. The Black Death pandemic caused the death of up to 200 million lives (DeWitte 2014).…”

Section: Description Of Beaked Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of PPE: Special reference to beaked masks during the Black Death and its aftermath

Rahman¹,

Kam²,

Azmi³

et al. 2022

Akademika

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The background of the research will focus on the cases of the Black Death pandemic in 14 th century onwards with particular review on the usage of beaked masks by plague doctors. This peculiar mask can be described as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at that time to protect the physicians from being infected when treating patients with Black Death symptoms. This research will evaluate the use of PPE from the medical, history, chemistry, technology and sociology perspectives to reach a detailed understanding of the benefits of wearing this peculiar mask in responding to the challenges presented by the epidemic. Hence, the ingredients and elements of the beaked masks need to be scrutinized in order to underscore the physicians' efforts in inventing such equipment in protecting frontline workers like the plague doctors. Analyzing the evolution of PPE and medical protection will help the public to understand medical history and the roles of community in dealing with cataclysmic epidemics in the past. The research found that beaked masks created as PPE by the physicians were able to support them psychologically in dealing with their patients. Unfortunately, the design and property inside beaked masks do not provide the expected protection unlike PPE in modern time which produced significant result in reducing the possibility of disease transmission.

show abstract

<i>In silico</i> Research at the Stages of Designing Modern Means for Prevention of Plague (by the Example of Subunit Vaccines)

Budanova

Щуковская

2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this review was to analyze the findings of domestic and foreign researchers on the development of modern drugs for the specific prevention of plague and to illustrate the possibilities of using bioinformatics analysis at the design stages to create an effective and safe vaccine. Work on the creation of an effective new-generation plague vaccine is hampered by several factors associated primarily with the presence of mechanisms of evasion from the immune system of the macroorganism, as well as a large number of pathogenicity determinants in the plague agent. Due to the development of approaches that are based on in silico studies, there is a progressive development of vaccine technologies oriented primarily to the use of the most important immunogens of the plague microbe (F1 and V antigen). Studies aimed at improving the antigenic properties of F1 and LcrV, as well as work on bioinformatic search and analysis of additional promising components to be included in the composition of subunit vaccines are considered as topical applications of bioinformatics data analysis in developing the tools for enhancing the effectiveness of protection through vaccination with subunit preparations.

show abstract

Struggling for control over the plague

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Simulation of the use of Yersinia pestis as a Biological Weapon in Nigeria

Simulation of the use of Yersinia pestis as a Biological Weapon in Nigeria

History of PPE: Special reference to beaked masks during the Black Death and its aftermath

<i>In silico</i> Research at the Stages of Designing Modern Means for Prevention of Plague (by the Example of Subunit Vaccines)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About