Structure and stability analysis of biocompatible hydroxyapatite reinforced chitosan nanocomposite

Abstract

Nano‐hydroxyapatite has been used in multifunctional potential clinical applications where certain particle size distribution and morphology are required. The hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites were prepared using in situ co‐precipitation technique, influence of the reaction temperature on the crystallization and particle growth of the synthesized nano‐hydroxyapatite were examined. It was observed that the increase in synthesis temperature had a great influence on particle size and crystal structure of nano‐hydroxyapatite, whereas, the low temperature showed inhabitation of the hydroxyapatite growth in c‐direction and low crystallinity which was confirmed using XRD and electron diffraction pattern of TEM micrographs. The molar ratio of the bone‐like apatite layer for composite prepared at 70°C was higher was higher than the composites prepared at lower temperatures (40°C and −5°C). The AFM images of −5°C, 40°C, and 70°C n‐HAp/CTS composite display presence of CTS rich domains. These CTS rich and domains are made of smaller globular shaped particles in which, n‐HAp particles are embedded in the polymer matrix. The SBF degraded AFM surface topography of the composites shows the CTS is degraded fast rather the n‐HAp. The elastic modulus determined from nanoindentation of −5°C, 40°C, and 70°C n‐HAp/CTS composites are 17.91, 24.56, and 30.62 GPa respectively. Hardness values of the three composites in the same order were found to be 0.86, 1.35, and 1.74 GPa, respectively. Macro‐mechanical tests showed significant enhancement in elastic modulus, coefficient of friction and hardness of 70°C n‐HAp/CTS composites over −5°C and 40°C n‐HAp/CTS. However, the SBF degraded samples also performed moderate improvement in nanomechanical property. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E573–E583, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Hydroxyapatite/hyperbranched polyitaconic acid/chitosan composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

“…However, chitosan is often combined with inorganics as hydroxyapatite (HAP) due to its weak mechanical strength, to fabricate high strength scaffolds and to enhance its osteoconductive properties for bone tissue engineering. 22 Therefore, CS/HAP composite scaffolds have been thoroughly studied in the field of bone tissue engineering applications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Generally, because of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, 28 hydroxyapatite, is the main component of natural bone which is originally composes of a complex nanocomposite material made up of both inorganic and organic components.…”

“…22 Therefore, CS/HAP composite scaffolds have been thoroughly studied in the field of bone tissue engineering applications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Generally, because of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, 28 hydroxyapatite, is the main component of natural bone which is originally composes of a complex nanocomposite material made up of both inorganic and organic components. [29][30][31] Nevertheless, the medical use of CS/HAP composite scaffold is restricted due to the poor rheological properties of the scaffold.…”

“…Additionally, it is a positively charged polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed N‐acetyl glucosamine and D‐glucosamine so it has the ability to interact electrostatically with negatively charged molecules and membranes. However, chitosan is often combined with inorganics as hydroxyapatite (HAP) due to its weak mechanical strength, to fabricate high strength scaffolds and to enhance its osteoconductive properties for bone tissue engineering 22 . Therefore, CS/HAP composite scaffolds have been thoroughly studied in the field of bone tissue engineering applications 22–27 .…”

Characterization of hydroxyapatite from recycled fish scale and its application as a filler in a biodegradable food tray

“…HAp has been used in the treatment of bone and periodontal defects, in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, in dental materials, as a nanofertilizer, in biosensors for glucose and urea analysis, in absorbent materials, and as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. [7][8][9][10][11] Two main methods are used to produce HAp: calcination and alkali heat treatment. 12 Alkali heat treatment is simple and effective, and the equipment and chemical reagents are inexpensive.…”

Influence of Newly Organosolv Lignin-Based Interface Modifier on Mechanical and Thermal Properties, and Enzymatic Degradation of Polylactic Acid/Chitosan Biocomposites

“…Many natural fibers have been studied in the design of PLA biocomposites that show promising results. Among existing natural fibers, chitosan has demonstrated excellent mechanical and thermal properties that are comparable to cellulose [ 17 ]. Chitosan is derived from chitin, which is obtained from the shells of crustaceans, such as crabs, shrimp, and prawns [ 18 ].…”