The dye-water treatment by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is still a challenge as PVA is characterized by its strong affinity to water. Therefore, this study aims to fabricate a functional PVA film with good regeneration ability to remove anionic dyes from aqueous solution using polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) as a modifier and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linker. Solution casting technique was applied to prepare the functionalized film. The adsorption efficiency of the film was evaluated by studying the effect of various parameters such as PAMAM loading (0, 12.5, 25, 50 wt%), initial dye concentration, film dose, solution pH, and adsorption time. The adsorption studies showed that with increasing PAMAM loading, the maximum adsorption capacity of the resulting film increased till it reached up to 73.8 mg/g by the PVA film with 50 wt% PAMAM. For understanding the nature of the adsorption process of the prepared film, the kinetics and isotherm analysis were studied. It was found that the mechanism of dye removal by the prepared film followed pseudo-secondorder kinetic and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. The adsorption and regeneration studies indicated that this film has great potential to effectively remove anionic dye from wastewater.
This study aims at fabricating promising cytocompatible hybrid biocomposite scaffolds from chitosan (CS), hydroxyapatite (HAP) and lignin (L) for bonetissue engineering by using freeze-drying technique. Different ratios of HAP to L (50: 0, 37.5: 12.5, 25: 25 and 12.5: 37.5) were taken to determine the optimum ratio to obtain composite with superior properties. The mechanical and biological properties of the resulting composites were investigated. The mechanical results showed that the prepared composite with a ratio of 25 : 25 of HAP / L exhibited a remarkable enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to the others. Additionally, it was found from the in vitro results that the addition of L enhanced the water uptake value of the resulting scaffolds indicating increased hydrophilicity. As a result, a significant increase in the attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cell line (osteoblast like cells) was observed in composite scaffolds with L over the scaffold without L (CS/HAP). From these results, it could be suggested that the prepared composite scaffold with 25 : 25 of HAP/ L is very promising biomaterials in bone tissue-engineering as it exhibited a better mechanical and biological properties than the other prepared composites.
A multifunctional additive based on castor oil (gallate ester of castor oil [GECO]) for rubber composites was synthesized via esterification between castor oil (CO) and gallic acid (GA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the GECO. GECO was applied at different loadings (1, 2, and 4 phr) in high abrasion furnace (HAF) carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) composite to study its effect on the curing, swelling, mechanical, and aging properties of the resulting composite. It was found that the use of GECO accelerated the curing process effectively and endowed the resulting composites with significantly better antiaging properties than the control composite containing the traditional antioxidant, N‐isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (IPPD). Additionally, it was found that the use of 1 phr of GECO enhanced the swelling and mechanical properties of the resulting composite, and after this level, a slight decrease in the properties was observed. Scanning electron microscopy results confirmed that the use of 1 phr of GECO caused a better dispersion of HAF within the NR matrix which resulted in an enhancement in the HAF reinforcement.
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