Structural sequelae and refractive outcome 1 year after laser treatment for type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian eyes

Abstract

Aim:The aim was to study the structural sequelae and refractive outcome after laser treatment for Type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Asian Indian eyes.Materials and Methods:A retrospective chart review of infants with Type 1 prethreshold ROP (defined according to the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study) undergoing laser treatment at a tertiary center between January 2004 and December 2008 was done. The 1-year outcome of infants was analyzed.Results:Sixty-nine eyes of 36 infants were included. The mean birth weight was 1121.69 ± 254.81 g and the gestational age was 28.99 ± 2.03 weeks. Sixty-five eyes (94.2%) had zone 2 and 4 (5.8%) had zone 1 disease. Forty-four (63.77%) eyes had stage 2 ROP with plus disease and 25 (36.23%) eyes had prethreshold (fewer than five contiguous or eight cumulative clock hours) stage 3 ROP with plus disease. None of the eyes developed retinal structural sequelae. On cycloplegic retinoscopy, 59.4% eyes had nonsignificant hyperopia [spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ 4 D], 14.5% eyes had no refractive error (SE 0 D), 24.7% eyes had low myopia (SE < 5 D), and 1.4% eyes had high myopia (SE > 5.0 D). Eyes developing myopia were associated with a greater number of clock hours of ROP, greater number of laser spots used, and a longer time to disease regression. Two infants (5.6%) had esotropia and one (2.8%) had exotropia.Conclusion:Asian Indian infants treated for Type 1 prethreshold ROP did not develop retinal structural sequelae. Myopia was seen in nearly one-fourth of the eyes.The risk factors for myopia were a greater number of clock hours of ROP, greater number of laser spots, and a longer time to regression of ROP.

Refractive and ocular biometric profile of children with a history of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity

“…It is a well-known fact that preterm children have higher rates of myopia and more so if they develop severe ROP requiring treatment. [ 7 8 9 10 ] Since the infants affected with severe ROP are on the rise with the third epidemic of the same,[ 18 ] soon there will be more children affected by myopia. The load of refractive errors and amblyopia will rise.…”

“…Myopia is the most common refractive error in babies who have been treated for ROP with laser photocoagulation. [ 6 7 8 9 ] The prevalence of myopia in premature babies with or without ROP is reported to vary between 21% and 100%. [ 7 8 9 10 11 ] The cause of myopia and its anatomic correlates in these eyes is still to be adequately answered.…”

“…[ 6 7 8 9 ] The prevalence of myopia in premature babies with or without ROP is reported to vary between 21% and 100%. [ 7 8 9 10 11 ] The cause of myopia and its anatomic correlates in these eyes is still to be adequately answered. [ 8 11 12 ] Reports have linked myopia in children with ROP to prematurity, severe ROP and structural sequelae of laser treatment.…”

“…[ 7 8 9 10 11 ] The cause of myopia and its anatomic correlates in these eyes is still to be adequately answered. [ 8 11 12 ] Reports have linked myopia in children with ROP to prematurity, severe ROP and structural sequelae of laser treatment. [ 9 ] Understanding the mechanism behind the development and progression of refractive errors in children with ROP who have undergone laser photocoagulation is crucial to developing appropriate management tools as well as counseling of parents regarding refractive error development and progression after laser photocoagulation.…”

Refractive outcome of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity treated by diode laser: follow-up at 5&nbsp;years

“…It is difficult to compare different studies regarding the refractive outcome. When reviewing the literature on refractive error in children with ROP, we found that the prevalence of myopia differed between studies, with a range from 52.2% to 77% 11 , 13 , 16 , 17 ( Table 6 ).…”