BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the refraction of eyes treated with diode laser photocoagulation for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a mean of 5 years after treatment.Materials and methodsFifty infants with prethreshold ROP treated with diode laser at Hanoi Childrens’ Hospital during the period 2008 to 2009 were reviewed. Refractive error was identified by cycloplegic refraction with Cyclogyl 1%. Myopia was divided into two categories based on magnitude: high myopia (more than −5.00 D) and low myopia (between 0 and −5.00 D). Hypermetropia was subdivided into low hypermetropia (between 0 and +5.00 D) and high hypermetropia (greater than +5.00 D). Astigmatism was classified as high if >2.00 D. Eyes with media opacification that interferes with retinoscopy were excluded. The refractive outcome was correlated with birth weight and gestational age. The anatomical and visual outcomes were recorded.ResultsOne hundred eyes from 50 infants were included in the study. The mean birth weight was 1,426.4 g and the mean gestational age was 29.88 weeks. After 5 years of follow-up, the average spherical equivalent for 100 eyes was −2.87 D. On cycloplegic retinoscopy, high myopia (more than −5.00 D) was seen in 32% of eyes. Twenty (20%) eyes had nonsignificant hypermetropia, and high hypermetropia (more +5.00 D) was seen in only one eye (1%). The prevalence of astigmatism and high astigmatism (more than −2.00 D) was 79% and 49%, respectively. Three infants (6%) had esotropia and two infants (4%) had exotropia. None of the infants had nystagmus.ConclusionThe majority of patients who underwent diode laser therapy for prethreshold ROP had favourable anatomical and visual outcomes. High refractive error is common and may be the cause of visual impairment.

Despite the relative maturity of the gestation of these infants compared with infants in developed countries who develop severe retinopathy of prematurity, the timing of treatment for threshold disease appears to be related to postmenstrual age.

Purpose: To elucidate the clinical features which predict high-risk histopathological factors for subsequent metastatic disease as well as to report the incidence of these high-risk histopathological factors in a cohort of Asian patients with retinoblastoma. Design: A retrospective and non-randomized sequential cases series. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 334 eyes with retinoblastoma at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology during a 10 year period (January 2004 – December 2013). All pathology specimens and medical records were reviewed and assessed for invasion and clinical signs. Results: Among 334 eyes, 225 (67.4%) had high-risk retinoblastoma and 109 (22.6%) had non-high-risk features on histopathology. The high-risk histopathological features included anterior chamber seeding (48.2%), iris infiltration (14.7%), ciliary body involvement (14.1%), massive choroidal invasion (29.9 %), post-laminar optic nerve invasion (21.2%), invasion of optic nerve transection (9.6 %), combined choroidal and optic nerve invasion (9.6 %), scleral invasion (3.3%), and extra-scleral infiltration (11.4%). The significant clinical features in high-risk group versus non-high-risk group included hyphema (19.6% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001), pseudohypopyon (19.1% vs 6.4%, p = 0.001), iris neovascularization  (25.3% vs 5.5%, p < 0.001), vitreous seeding (72.4% vs 37.6%, p < 0.001), staphyloma (24% vs 4.6%, p < 0.001) and scleritis (20% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Clinical signs including hyphema, pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, vitreous seeding, staphyloma, and scleritis were significantly associated with high-risk features on histopathology. Globe preserving methods should be used with caution in patients with these signs.