Structural modulation and magnetic properties of hexagonal Ba(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ ceramics

Structural incommensurate modulation rule in hexagonal Ba(Ti1-xMx)O3-δ (M = Mn, Fe) multiferroics

“…1(m)). 16 With respect to the origin of the satellite spots, planar defects such as stacking faults, linear defects such as dislocations and regular arrays of crystal defects such as APBs are possible reasons for their presence in a matrix. 18 The diffraction characteristics of the doped system indicates that the APBs mainly account for the SIMs.…”

“…As for the purpose of post annealing in our experiments, previous studies have shown that physical properties of the doped system are very sensitive to thermal treatment conditions, 17,19 16,19 Generally, changes of the physical property of the doped system is determined by the concentration and distribution changes of Vos and valence state changes of the transition metals. First-principles calculation on hexagonal BaTiO 3 has predicted that O1 vacancy is more stable than O2 vacancy, 20 this is consistent with our experimental result, i.e., the vacancy content at O1 site is more than that at O2 site in AG Fe-doped samples.…”

“…Such a behavior can mainly be ascribed to the crystal and electronic structure changes because of doping, e.g., occupancy ratio change of the dopants at Ti1 and Ti2 sites, the coordination number change of the transition metals and the introduction of defect structures. 10,16 a Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Electronic mail: rcyu@aphy.iphy.ac.cn. Our previous study on dense Fe-doped hexagonal BaTiO 3 reported the multiferroic behavior of the incommensurately modulated system.…”

X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of the Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Fe‐Doped 6H–BaTiO3

“…Another very promising DMO material is Fe‐doped BaTiO 3 . Due to the observed room‐temperature magnetism it is very intensively investigated material in a wide range of dopant concentration …”

“…It would also be expected that an increase in the Fe content in Fe‐doped 6H–BaTiO 3 phase would enhance the magnetic ordering. Interestingly, it has been shown the opposite: the saturation magnetization of the low end‐member with 10% of Fe is the highest while any increase in Fe content causes a gradual decrease in the magnetism until the material becomes paramagnetic at doping level of 70% …”