Structure, morphology and magnetodielectric investigations of BaTi1−xFexO3−δ ceramics

Impact of Reentrant Ferroelectric-tetragonal Phase on the Structure, Spectral, Electric, Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Properties of Gd3+-Fe3+ Co-substituted BaTiO3 Ceramics

“…The lesser value of intrinsic magnetodielectric constants at IT are obtained and listed in Table 3. The intrinsic MD constant of Fe-substituted BTO ceramics is -3.7% where the sample calcination and sintering temperatures are 950 o C/5h and 1300 o C/2h that has already been reported [23]. In this work, there is only less value of intrinsic magnetodielectric constant due to the high calcination temperature of 1050 o C/4h and sintering temperature of 1370 o C/2h that stabilizes the Hphase through the generation of oxygen vacancies.…”

“…In La, Ho & Gd doped BFO system, the new magnetic interaction of Ho-Fe, Ho-Ho through the oxygen brings the magnetisation along with Fe-Fe interaction [44]. In Fe-enforced BTO, the observed ferromagnetisation depends on the structural heterogeneity [23] whereas; in this present case, it is independent of the structural heterogeneity (T + H phase) since M r improved as the increase of T-phase. Therefore, the observed magnetisation entirely originated from the co-contribution of Fe 3+ -O 2− -Fe 3+ super-exchange interactions and a new Gd 3+ -O 2− -Gd 3+ interaction.…”

“…In order to identify the crystalline structure of the as-prepared ceramics, analysis of the powder XRD data is performed. Figure 1a shows both tetragonal (P4mm) and hexagonal (P6 3 /mmc) phases with a phase percentage of 59% and 41% respectively [23]. The powder XRD pro les are matched with the JCPDS card no.…”

“…An increase of Gd-content, the extrinsic MD constant monotonously decreased. To understand the lower frequency dispersion trend, the investigation of the dielectric dispersion without an applied magnetic eld as a function frequency is required which has already been reported [23]. At lower frequency (10 2 Hz), the observed MD constant obeys with the applied magnetic eld whereas, as the frequency increases the MD constant remains relatively constant.…”

“…For the preparation of arti cial multifunctional material, the role of BaTiO 3 (BTO) is much more attractive due to the better polarisation property. BTO based composites, heterostructure materials, and transition metal (TM) implanted has already extensively reported [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. BTO-CFO composites exhibit better multiferroic property through strain mediated ME coupling, which is attributed from the piezoelectric strain and a decrease in polarisation [2].…”