Structural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on additive manufactured polyamide substrate

Abstract

Structural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on additive manufactured polyamide substrate. © 2016 Kuppuswamy Hariharan and Ganesan Arumaikkannu. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 85 RESEARCH ARTICLEStructural, mechanical and in vitro studies on pulsed laser deposition of hydroxyapatite on additive manufactured polyamide substrate Kuppuswamy Hariharan* and Ganesan Arumaikkannu * Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, IndiaAbstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging field that merges engineering and life sciences to produce components that can effectively act as a replacement in the human body. This AM encompasses biofabrication using cells, biological or biomaterials as building blocks to fabricate biological and bio-application oriented substance, device and therapeutic products through a broad range of engineering and biological processes. Furthermore, bioactive coating on BAM surface facilitates biological fixation between the prosthesis and the hard tissue which increases the long term stability and integrity of the implant. In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was coated over AM polyamide substrate using pulsed laser deposition. Coating morphology was characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and observed that the coating was dominated by the presence of particle droplet with different sizes. Compounds like tricalcium phosphate and a few amorphous calcium phosphates were found along with HA which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques shows the presence of phosphate and carbonate groups in the HA structure. Nano-indentation and pull-out test reveals that the layer was strong enough and withstands higher load before it peels off. In vitro analysis was evaluated with human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells with respect to the cell viability and results shows that the good viability was observed on coated surface due to combinational effect of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− ions. The multitude of characterisation conducted on the coating has established that coating polyamide with HA results in a positive combination for an implant.

Investigation of Tensile Properties of Different Infill Pattern Structures of 3D-Printed PLA Polymers: Analysis and Validation Using Finite Element Analysis in ANSYS

“…For finite element analysis, a specimen 3D model was imported in IGEs format and yield stress and fracture growth were analyzed using static structural and explicit dynamics analysis. In the preprocessor, polylactic acid material was assigned a Young’s modulus of 13.8 GPa and a density of 1.24 kg/cm 2 was given to calculate the mechanical properties [ 33 ]. Automatic mesh generation was selected with a mesh relevance of 2.…”

“…It was assumed that the fracture growth and failure of the specimen would occur within a distance of 10 mm of displacement. The stress concentration, strain, and energy absorbed by the specimen were analyzed in the ANSYS workbench for hexagonal (honeycomb), rhombile, truncated octahedron, gyroid and spherical infill structures [ 33 , 34 ].…”