“…The structural equation modeling (SEM) method is a multivariate statistical technique that combines factor analysis, path analysis, and regression analysis. SEM has been applied to transportation research related to the environment [13], bus network parameters [14], perceptions of pedestrian services [15], accessibility and modal connectivity [16], and train services [17]. An examination is conducted to determine the variables that influence the modeling of the integration of sea transportation networks for freight distribution.…”
The main problem of the distribution of freight in archipelago countries such as Indonesia is how to ensure that the outlying and outermost islands are served optimally, with low freight costs and optimal frequency of vessel stops at ports. There are three types of vessels that are subsidized and have the duty of public service obligation (PSO) from the government, namely Sea Tollway, Pelni, and Pioneer shipping. Each vessel has a different route and is not mutually integrated so that its services are not optimal. Integration of the distribution systems of the three types of vessels is needed, thus the distribution costs and the round voyages of vessels are expected to be more optimal and services can be more competitive. The high cost of freight distribution must be minimized so that the government's burden on PSO subsidies can be reduced. This study aims to determine the parameters of the variables that influence the development of an integrated sea transport network model for freight distribution in a region consisting of many islands. The method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the variables used were time, cost, freight, port characteristics, vessel characteristics, government policies, and environmental factors (waves and weather). The data used were the results of a questionnaire from 238 respondents, a sample consisting of regulators, shipping operators, academics, and distributors. The results of the conformity testing of the SEM model indicate that all variables have a significant effect on the process of integration of sea transportation networks in the region of the archipelago.
“…The structural equation modeling (SEM) method is a multivariate statistical technique that combines factor analysis, path analysis, and regression analysis. SEM has been applied to transportation research related to the environment [13], bus network parameters [14], perceptions of pedestrian services [15], accessibility and modal connectivity [16], and train services [17]. An examination is conducted to determine the variables that influence the modeling of the integration of sea transportation networks for freight distribution.…”
The main problem of the distribution of freight in archipelago countries such as Indonesia is how to ensure that the outlying and outermost islands are served optimally, with low freight costs and optimal frequency of vessel stops at ports. There are three types of vessels that are subsidized and have the duty of public service obligation (PSO) from the government, namely Sea Tollway, Pelni, and Pioneer shipping. Each vessel has a different route and is not mutually integrated so that its services are not optimal. Integration of the distribution systems of the three types of vessels is needed, thus the distribution costs and the round voyages of vessels are expected to be more optimal and services can be more competitive. The high cost of freight distribution must be minimized so that the government's burden on PSO subsidies can be reduced. This study aims to determine the parameters of the variables that influence the development of an integrated sea transport network model for freight distribution in a region consisting of many islands. The method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the variables used were time, cost, freight, port characteristics, vessel characteristics, government policies, and environmental factors (waves and weather). The data used were the results of a questionnaire from 238 respondents, a sample consisting of regulators, shipping operators, academics, and distributors. The results of the conformity testing of the SEM model indicate that all variables have a significant effect on the process of integration of sea transportation networks in the region of the archipelago.
“…Satisfaction Evaluation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Assessment Evaluation [15][16][17][18] Pedestrian Level of Service [3,4,19,20] Measurement Evaluation [21][22][23] Pedestrian Index [24,25] Focus Group [26,27] Examining Evaluation [28] The elements that were commonly evaluated in previous research are pedestrian, walkability, and pedestrian environment [16]. The elements of pedestrian and walkability are the most dominant ones used in various studies because research in this field is more prevalent in cities in developed countries that have an acceptable quality of pedestrian environments.…”
Section: Techniques For Evaluation Authormentioning
Abstract:The condition of pedestrian ways on campuses in Indonesia has become a serious problem because of the gap between regulations on pedestrian ways and reality. This condition affects students' satisfaction as they move around. This research attempts to develop an evaluation model and test it on the sidewalks of the University of Lampung campus. The method used in this study is a qualitative-quantitative method (mix methods), collecting data through literature questionnaires and observations. For data analysis, quantitative content analysis and statistical analysis were used to determine the correlation between predominant variables and students' overall satisfaction. This study found five dimensions of an evaluation model introduced by quassessment: quality, design, safety, sensory, amenities. It also found that the dominant factors that cause student dissatisfaction are concerns with durability of path material, aesthetics, and continuity of path without significant elevation differences. The dominant factors that potentially bring more satisfaction to students are durability of path material, aesthetics, and availability of shelter. On the other hand, observation, absence of obstruction, continuity of path without significant elevation differences, and durability of path material are the most common factors. Also, it has been found that overall satisfaction has a correlation with five dominant factors, which are durability of path material factor (0.62), absence of obstruction (0.60), continuity of path without significant elevation differences (0.69), aesthetics (0.59), and availability of shelter (0.53).
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