Structural characteristics of petroleum sludge

Kadiev, Kh. M.; Gyul’maliev, A. M.; Batov, A. E.; Kadieva, M. Kh.; Окнина, Н. В.; Dandaev, A. U.

doi:10.3103/s1068364x15110046

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Some metals are introduced into sludge from oil additives. They are found as minor components, and the major metals found are lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) (Kadiev et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Composition and Properties Of Tank Bottom Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Different petroleum operations produce huge amount of oil sludge annually. For instance, US EPA estimates the annual sludge production of each US refinery of 30,000 tons, while the average oily sludge produced from petrochemical industries in China is estimated about 3 million tons per year. In the last year, our center could recover about 30,206 barrels of raw oil from 32,786 barrels of tank bottom sludge (TBS) for different petroleum companies. This sludge causes huge economic losses besides its negative environmental impacts. The accumulation of sludge in the tanks results in reducing the tanks’ capacity for storing liquid crude, accelerating the corrosion of the tanks, delay in the production schedule, and disturbing the whole production operation. There are diverse treatment methodologies such as solvent treatment, addition of certain chemicals, and centrifuging. Of course, the environmental regulations and the overall cost limitations are very important in deciding the preferred applicable method(s). Although several works handled the problem of sludge deposition and treatment from different aspects, we intend to introduce a different work. First, composition, formation, types, and properties of TBS were reviewed. Then, environmental and economic problems caused by TBS were revised. At last, different methodologies applied for treatment of oily TBS to recover oil and safe disposal of hazardous remains were investigated focusing on the most straightforward and environmentally friendly protocols. It is expected that this review attracts the experts in petroleum chemistry, and other relevant fields and provides a comprehensive understanding of current sludge control and treatment research. Graphical abstract

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Section: Composition and Properties Of Tank Bottom Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…All sludges showed low C11-C22 aromatic fraction concentrations, 1% -8% (Figure 3). In fact, the aliphatic fraction concentrations in oil sludges are usually higher than the aromatic fractions (Ward et al, 2003, Jasmine and Mukherji, 2015, Kadiev et al, 2015, Shahidi Rizi et al, 2017.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Eph Concentrations In The Oil Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used in the determination of organic components of oil (e.g. aromatics, paraffins, olefins) in sludges (Mazlova and Meshcheryakov, 1999, Pánek et al, 2014, Kadiev et al, 2015, Cheng et al, 2016, Shen et al, 2016, Uçar et al, 2016. NMR requires only a relatively small sample amount, and it is nonsample destructive (Zheng et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not surprising since each oil sludge composition is unique, and depends on the origin of the oil sludge (Viana et al, 2015). Consequently, the physicochemical characteristics vary according to the nature of the oil (Oliveira et al, 2015) and the formation process and storage of the oil sludge (Kadiev et al, 2015). Generally, the sediment content is less than the oil and water contents.…”

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Characterisation of oil sludges from different sources before treatment: High-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the determination of oil and water content

Ramírez

Kowalczyk

Collins

2019

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are believed to come from oil additives (de Souza et al., 2014).da Silva et al. (2012) reported that the composition of oil sludge is about 30 to 90% water, 4 to 7% sediments, and to 60% oil. However, Saikia et al. (2003) stated that the typical composition of oil sludge is 30-50% water, 10-12% sediments and solids, 30-50% oil. Yang et al. (2005), Zhang et al. (2012), and Long et al. (2013 have agreed that oil sludge is usually composed of 30-70% water, 2 to 15% sediments and solids, and 30-90% oil. Moreover, Egazar'yants et al. (2015) mentioned that oil sludges can have approximately 10 to 56 wt.% organic materials, 30 to 85 wt.% water and 1 to 46 wt.% solids or sediments. This shows that there is no uniform agreement among authors on the detailed oil sludge composition. This is not surprising since each oil sludge composition is unique, and depends on the origin of the oil sludge (Viana et al., 2015). Consequently, the physicochemical characteristics vary according to the nature of the oil (Oliveira et al., 2015) and the formation process and storage of the oil sludge (Kadiev et al., 2015). Generally, the sediment content is less than the oil and water contents. The oil usually had higher aliphatic hydrocarbon percentages (40-60%) than the aromatic hydrocarbon percentages (25-40%) (Shie et al., 2004, Speight, 2006. This wide variation in the composition of oil sludges has significant implications on the characterisation of oil sludges because different procedures and methods have been applied to study different types of sludges (Heidarzadeh et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2011, Jasmine and Mukherji, 2015. In turn, this is extremely relevant for quick decision-making purposes regarding the appropriate treatment of this waste. Currently, the treatment of oil sludges is aimed to either reduce the contaminants in the sludge or to recover the oil. The former includes some methods such as encapsulation (Johnson et al., 2015), bioremediation (Wang et al., 2016, Roy et al., 2018), and incineration (Gong et al., 2017 whereas the latter, the oil recovery methods, include freeze/thawing (Hu et al., 2015), solvent extraction (Hu et al., 2017, * These elements are potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Shaheen et al., 2016).Values in bold are over the limit of the acceptable standards of landfilling of hazardous waste established by the European Union: As (25 µg•g -1 ), Cd (5), Cr (70), Cu (100), Ni (40), Pb (50), Zn (200) (Kriipsalu et al., 2008). The mean values with the standard deviation (in parentheses) are shown (n = 3).

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