Structural behavior of rammed earth walls under lateral cyclic loading: A comparative experimental study

Arslan, Mehmet Emin; Emiroğlu, Mehmet; Yalama, Ahmet

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.093

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The strength improvement can be attributed to the secondary bonds of the PA solution, and the hydration reaction of cement contributes to the enhancement. Existing studies have claimed that the fit-for-use strength may be achieved by adding more than 8–12% of cement in REC [ 4 , 14 ]. It is found that RPC, which reduces the amount of cement added to 5 wt% of the binder, outperforms with respect to the compressive strength criteria suggested by the regulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method can be used to form bearing walls with sufficient compaction. It manifests the natural texture of red clay in an interior design and exhibits the efficacy of natural red clay [ 4 ]. To obtain the desirable properties of REC, the ACP-EEC (Africa Caribbean Pacific-European Economic Community) and the New Mexico Adobe and Rammed Earth Building Code recommend 2.4 MPa and 200–300 psi (1.38–2.07 MPa) after curing for 28 days as the appropriate compressive strength for rammed-earth walls, respectively [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the excessive addition of cement degrades the eco-friendliness of red clay, the amount of cement should be minimized as much as possible when it is used as a solidifying agent. For this purpose, existing studies have recommended approximately 8–12% as the appropriate cement content for securing the strength of rammed-earth walls [ 4 , 16 ]. Several studies have improved the performance of the red clay binder by manipulating the content of lime or cement; most of them have investigated the compressive strength of the binder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

et al. 2020

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In this study, the performance evaluation was performed by adding a polymer aqueous (PA) solution as a new additive of the red clay binder for use in the rammed-earth construction method. The evaluation items were compressive strength, water erosion, shrinkage, crystal structure, and microstructure. As a result of the experiment, the binder was improved by efficiently bonding the silica particles by the polymerized polymer. It was confirmed that adding a PA solution to red clay enhances the compressive strength, which is further improved when 5 wt% poly(Acrylic acid(AA)-co-Acrylamide(AM)) is added to the PA solution. Microstructural analysis indicated that the addition of a PA solution facilitates effective bonding of the silica particles of red clay to form hydrogen bonding with poly(AA-co-AM) and encourages aggregate formation. Therefore, the study confirmed that PA solution can be applied to satisfy the performance requirements of the rammed-earth construction by improving the durability and strength of the binder.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

et al. 2020

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“…The study found that strengthening exercise aids in achieving the objective, however more experimental studies are required for further quantification. Arslan et al [13] performed an experimental study to assess the in-plane shear behavior of, rammed earth walls and masonry walls. Rammed earth wall panels composed of different mixes (URE and CSRE) and masonry wall panels (composed of bricks and aerated concrete blocks), having exactly the same dimensions were subjected to displacement controlled in-plane reverse cyclic loading.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Shear Behavior Of Rammed Earth and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Shear behavior of cement stabilized rammed earth assemblages

Pavan

Ullas

Rao

2020

Journal of Building Engineering

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Adoption of rammed earth technology in building construction has witnessed a surge during the recent times and hence it is essential to understand the mechanical behavior of rammed earth under various loading conditions. In this study, in-plane shear behavior of cement stabilized rammed earth (CSRE) is assessed by conducting two types of tests namely (i) Direct shear test of CSRE causing shearing along two adjacent rammed earth layers similar to triplet shear test of masonry bed joints which is henceforth called as triplet test and (ii) Diagonal tension (shear) test of CSRE panels. Three types of bonding techniques between the rammed layers of CSRE are explored in this study, namely, (i) making conical dents which act as shear connectors between rammed earth layers, (ii) applying a coat of fresh cement slurry along the interfaces of rammed layers and (iii) combination of dents and fresh cement slurry and their influence in enhancing the interface shear strength of CSRE is assessed. The bonding techniques are adopted for both, triplet specimens and diagonal panels. Further, the effect of compressive stress normal to the rammed earth layers on the interface shear behavior of triplet specimens is examined. The different levels of normal pre-compression considered are 0.05 MPa, 0.3 MPa and 0.9 MPa. The triplet and diagonal tension (shear) tests on CSRE assemblages are conducted under both, dry and wet conditions. Shear behavior is assessed in terms of shear strength, shear modulus, strain at peak stress, post-peak behavior and failure patterns. Among the different bonding techniques assessed in this study, CSRE specimens with a coat of fresh cement slurry exhibited higher shear strength in comparison to specimens with other types of bonding techniques or no bonding technique. Further, CSRE triplet specimens exhibited steady increase in interface shear strength with increase in normal pre-compression, both in dry and wet conditions. Also, shear strength of CSRE was found to be lower in wet condition, in comparison to shear strength in dry condition, for all the bonding techniques. A Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope was developed for CSRE under wet and dry conditions based on the results of triplet tests conducted in this study. Overall, the study aims to understand the efficacy of the proposed bonding techniques in enhancing the shear strength of CSRE and the influence of normal precompression and moisture content on shear behavior of CSRE.

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“…In the case of cement, there are disadvantages in that the inherent characteristics of the soil itself deteriorate when more than an appropriate amount is added, as well as the environmental problems that arise in the cement production process. In the case of previous studies, about 8–10% of cement was suggested for reinforcing the strength of the soil [ 15 , 16 ]. In addition, when the autonomous rammed earth construction method is implemented, the strength of the bonding material at the initial age is important because of the improvement of the construction speed due to the application of the automated process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction

et al. 2020

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Existing rammed earth construction methods have disadvantages such as increased initial costs for manufacturing the large formwork and increased labor costs owing to the labor-intensive construction techniques involved. To address the limitations of the existing rammed earth construction methods, an autonomous rammed earth construction method was introduced herein. When constructing an autonomous rammed-earth construction method, an alternative means of assuring the performance at the initial age of the binder in terms of materials is needed. In this study, in order to satisfy the performance of the red clay binder, epoxy emulsion was added to analyze the compressive strength, water loosening, shrinkage, rate of mass change, and microstructure in the range of the initial age. As a result of the analysis, the applicability of the epoxy emulsion was confirmed as a new additive for application to an autonomous rammed-earth construction method.

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Structural behavior of rammed earth walls under lateral cyclic loading: A comparative experimental study

Cited by 56 publications

References 23 publications

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

Shear behavior of cement stabilized rammed earth assemblages

Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction

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