Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction

Kim, Jin-Sung; Choi, Hyeonggil; Yoon, Keun‐Byoung; Lee, Dong‐Eun

doi:10.3390/polym12092050

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Water erosion progressed rapidly for 3 h after water saturation for all four combinations, reaching complete erosion after 24 h. This confirmed that binder specimens that do not have surface coating with CERAST do not have sufficient water resistance. Indeed, the prerequisite for red clay binders for structural materials is the development of the counter measure of a surface waterproof coating material [26]. The coated red clay binder specimens exhibited water resistance for 48 h after being saturated by water.…”

Section: Water Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

et al. 2020

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In this study, the performance evaluation was performed by adding a polymer aqueous (PA) solution as a new additive of the red clay binder for use in the rammed-earth construction method. The evaluation items were compressive strength, water erosion, shrinkage, crystal structure, and microstructure. As a result of the experiment, the binder was improved by efficiently bonding the silica particles by the polymerized polymer. It was confirmed that adding a PA solution to red clay enhances the compressive strength, which is further improved when 5 wt% poly(Acrylic acid(AA)-co-Acrylamide(AM)) is added to the PA solution. Microstructural analysis indicated that the addition of a PA solution facilitates effective bonding of the silica particles of red clay to form hydrogen bonding with poly(AA-co-AM) and encourages aggregate formation. Therefore, the study confirmed that PA solution can be applied to satisfy the performance requirements of the rammed-earth construction by improving the durability and strength of the binder.

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Section: Water Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

et al. 2020

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“…To mitigate the effects of fungal growth on the durability of earth constructions, it is possible to modify a combination of mixtures, reduce moisture, and ensure the maintenance of the building [19]. Lime, fly ash, cement, polymers, and red clay binders with epoxy emulsion have been used as additives to improve the properties of soils against water erosion [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Moreover, reducing clay content in mixtures has proven effective [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Sensitivity of Soil-Based Building Mixtures to Biodeterioration by Fungi: Towards Sustainable Earth Structures

Al-Jokhadar,

Soudi,

Abdelmalek

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Earth structures have a significant sustainable impact on regulating indoor environmental qualities. Yet, using soil materials can lead to fungal growth, impacting occupant health and structural stability. This study investigates the susceptibility of earth-based construction materials with cement, limestone, and acrylic-based additives to fungal growth. Laboratory tests were conducted on mixtures under conditions found in inhabited buildings in hot–arid regions. The proposed methodology was based on a 7-week artificial incubation of fungi obtained from moldy walls through regulating the room temperature to fall between 18 °C and 19 °C and a controlled humidity level of around 45%. These conditions were adopted according to the readings monitored in typical buildings in the study area. The results showed that fungal growth was evident on the surface of mixtures, including higher percentages of soil and lower percentages of additives. Mixtures comprising 50% soil, 15% acrylic-based additive, 15% quicklime, and 20% cement supported the least fungal growth, presenting the best choice as a sustainable, efficient replacement. Visual observation followed by microscopic examination ensured the results. Furthermore, results of an environmental post-occupancy evaluation of a constructed rammed earth building using the optimized mixture showed no signs of fungal proliferation on the inner walls afterward.

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“…The chemical composition of hwangto includes SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , making it similar to admixtures used in cement. Therefore, hwangto has been used as cement replacement material for CO 2 reduction, particularly in Asian countries such as China and the Republic of Korea [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method for Evaluating High-Temperature Properties of Non-Sintered Hwangto-Mixed Concrete as a Cement Replacement Material

2023

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Research on alternative cement materials is active worldwide, and in terms of fire safety, research on the evaluation of high-temperature properties of alternative materials is very important. Studies on concrete mixed with hwangto have been conducted by several researchers, but studies on high-temperature properties are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the mechanical properties of concrete by partially replacing cement with non-sintered hwangto (NSH) at high temperatures. Normal concrete without NSH mixing and non-sintered hwangto concrete (NSHC) with HNT replacement were prepared as the specimens. The W/B of the concrete was set to 41 and 33, whereas the NSH replacement ratio was 15 and 30% of the cement. The target heating temperatures were set to 20, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700 °C, and the heating rate was maintained at 1 °C/min. The following were calculated to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens: mass loss, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and modulus of elasticity. After analyzing the correlation between residual compressive strength and UPV, we proposed a compressive strength prediction model using different values of W/B for NSHC. Experimental results suggest that mass loss (%) shows a decreasing trend as NSH increases. In terms of residual compressive strength, residual compressive strength at W/B 41 increased with NSH replacement, whereas residual compressive strength values for W/B 33 were observed regardless of NSH replacement. Residual UPV showed a similar trend, regardless of the NSH replacement ratio, and residual modulus of elasticity was low at all W/B ratios as NSH replacement increased. A linear equation with a high correlation coefficient (R2) was proposed to predict compressive strength, and the linear value of W/B 41 was slightly higher than that of W/B 33.

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Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

A Study on the Red Clay Binder Stabilized with a Polymer Aqueous Solution

A Study on Sensitivity of Soil-Based Building Mixtures to Biodeterioration by Fungi: Towards Sustainable Earth Structures

Investigating Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Method for Evaluating High-Temperature Properties of Non-Sintered Hwangto-Mixed Concrete as a Cement Replacement Material

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