Structural and radiation shielding properties of BaTiO3 ceramic with different concentrations of Bismuth and Ytterbium

Effects of yttrium doping on structural, electrical and optical properties of barium titanate ceramics

“…However, considering tolerance factors to assess between ions in different sites is simply a qualitative measure [9]. The X-ray density of the synthesized samples have determined by equation [29].…”

“…where m, t, and r are mass, thickness, and radius of the prepared pallet samples, respectively. The porosity of synthesized Y-BT samples was estimated by means of the following relation [29].…”

Lightweight Bismuth Titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) Nanoparticle-Epoxy Composite for Advanced Lead-Free X-ray Radiation Shielding

“…Therefore, there is an urgency to create lightweight non-Pb shielding materials with less toxicity to safeguard people from the harmful X-ray radiation . To address these problems, metal oxides containing high- Z elements, such as bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), copper oxide (CuO), and gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ), have often been employed for non-Pb radiation shielding applications. ,, By harnessing the inherent benefits of chemical stability, weight reduction, low cost, and enhanced chemical durability of these metal oxides, a promising radiation protection outcome can be expected to displace the toxic Pb for this application. − …”

The Role of La2O3 in Enhancement the Radiation Shielding Efficiency of the Tellurite Glasses: Monte-Carlo Simulation and Theoretical Study

“…The glasses must then be compared with other common materials, such as lead, lead composites, commercial glasses, and many types of heavy concretes. These parameters can be obtained through one of three techniques: theoretical calculations with equations, numerical estimations using simulation codes, and experimental procedures in the lab [ 23 , 24 ].…”

“…The glasses must then be compared with other common materials, such as lead, lead composites, commercial glasses, and many types of heavy concretes. These parameters can be obtained through one of three techniques: theoretical calculations with equations, numerical estimations using simulation codes, and experimental procedures in the lab [23,24]. Among these three techniques, Monte Carlo simulations are one of the essential methods used to evaluate radiation shielding parameters, especially in the absence of the necessary facilities and equipment to carry out practical experiments, as well as the inability to carry out the investigation in research laboratories or universities at present due to the spread of the coronavirus [25].…”