Structural and functional neuroplasticity in human learning of spatial routes

Keller, Timothy A.; Just, Marcel Adam

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.015

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…To our surprise, the effect of modulated connectivity between the PRC and FFA on subsequent memory for faces persisted for 23 min in the participants who completed the face encoding task first, despite participants completing two different encoding tasks in between. Our results are consistent with previous research in humans showing that consolidative processes, as reflected by altered activity or connectivity within encoding related brain regions, can occur seconds (Ben‐Yakov & Dudai, ), minutes (Keller & Just, ; Tambini et al, ; Tompary et al, ; Woolley et al, ), or 24 hr (Vilberg & Davachi, ) after encoding, and that these changes predict subsequent memory when tested immediately (Keller & Just, ; Tambini et al, ; Tompary et al, ), after 24 hr (Tompary et al, ; Vilberg & Davachi, ), or 3 days later (Woolley et al, ). Research in rodents has supported the hypothesis that the molecular cascade of events leading to systems level consolidation can begin to occur shortly after encoding; the up regulation of immediate early genes has been observed within minutes to hours after learning paired associates that fit within an existing knowledge schema (Tse et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Functional connectivity in category‐selective brain networks after encoding predicts subsequent memory

Collins

Dickerson

2018

Hippocampus

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Activity in category selective regions of the temporal and parietal lobes during encoding has been associated with subsequent memory for face and scene stimuli. Reactivation theories of memory consolidation predict that after encoding connectivity between these category-selective regions and the hippocampus should be modulated and predict recognition memory. However, support for this proposal has been limited in humans. Here, participants completed a resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scan, followed by face- and place-encoding tasks, followed by another resting-state fMRI scan during which they were asked to think about the stimuli they had previously encountered. Individual differences in face recognition memory were predicted by the degree to which connectivity between face-responsive regions of the fusiform gyrus and perirhinal cortex increased following the face-encoding task. In contrast, individual differences in scene recognition were predicted by connectivity between the hippocampus and a scene-selective region of the retrosplenial cortex before and after the place-encoding task. Our results provide novel evidence for category specificity in the neural mechanisms supporting memory consolidation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Functional connectivity in category‐selective brain networks after encoding predicts subsequent memory

Collins

Dickerson

2018

Hippocampus

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“…Recent work suggests that connectivity strength reflects a history of co-activation of functionally connected regions (see Lewis et al, 2009; Raichle, 2011; Buckner et al, 2013; Keller and Just, 2016), and patterns of resting state connectivity may indicate a history of task-dependent activity (see Duan et al, 2012). We suggest that between-group differences in our study are likely due to functionally covarying regions during endurance running that, over time, lead to strengthened functional connections within resting state networks and specific functional associations with task related extra-network regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the short term, several studies have shown that learning induces acute changes in resting state fcMRI (Keller and Just, 2016). For example, after a short (11 min) motor training session, subjects showed strengthened connections in the FPN compared with a control group (Albert et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Woolley et al (2015) recently showed that one session of training on a virtual water maze led to an increase in resting state functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the dorsal caudate, and the magnitude of the change in connectivity was correlated with future task performance. Finally, recent work suggests that training-induced changes in resting state fcMRI activity are related to underlying structural effects that may provide a window into how and why these networks impact cognitive performance (Keller and Just, 2016). Using a virtual spatial navigation training task, Keller and Just (2016) found that one training session led to increased resting state connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas that was associated with changes in diffusivity in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, recent work suggests that training-induced changes in resting state fcMRI activity are related to underlying structural effects that may provide a window into how and why these networks impact cognitive performance (Keller and Just, 2016). Using a virtual spatial navigation training task, Keller and Just (2016) found that one training session led to increased resting state connectivity between the hippocampus and cortical areas that was associated with changes in diffusivity in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Resting State Functional Connectivity between Young Adult Endurance Athletes and Healthy Controls

Raichlen

Bharadwaj

Fitzhugh

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Expertise and training in fine motor skills has been associated with changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity. Fewer studies have explored the neural effects of athletic activities that do not seem to rely on precise fine motor control (e.g., distance running). Here, we compared resting-state functional connectivity in a sample of adult male collegiate distance runners (n = 11; age = 21.3 ± 2.5) and a group of healthy age-matched non-athlete male controls (n = 11; age = 20.6 ± 1.1), to test the hypothesis that expertise in sustained aerobic motor behaviors affects resting state functional connectivity in young adults. Although generally considered an automated repetitive task, locomotion, especially at an elite level, likely engages multiple cognitive actions including planning, inhibition, monitoring, attentional switching and multi-tasking, and motor control. Here, we examined connectivity in three resting-state networks that link such executive functions with motor control: the default mode network (DMN), the frontoparietal network (FPN), and the motor network (MN). We found two key patterns of significant between-group differences in connectivity that are consistent with the hypothesized cognitive demands of elite endurance running. First, enhanced connectivity between the FPN and brain regions often associated with aspects of working memory and other executive functions (frontal cortex), suggest endurance running may stress executive cognitive functions in ways that increase connectivity in associated networks. Second, we found significant anti-correlations between the DMN and regions associated with motor control (paracentral area), somatosensory functions (post-central region), and visual association abilities (occipital cortex). DMN deactivation with task-positive regions has been shown to be generally beneficial for cognitive performance, suggesting anti-correlated regions observed here are engaged during running. For all between-group differences, there were significant associations between connectivity, self-reported physical activity, and estimates of maximum aerobic capacity, suggesting a dose-response relationship between engagement in endurance running and connectivity strength. Together these results suggest that differences in experience with endurance running are associated with differences in functional brain connectivity. High intensity aerobic activity that requires sustained, repetitive locomotor and navigational skills may stress cognitive domains in ways that lead to altered brain connectivity, which in turn has implications for understanding the beneficial role of exercise for brain and cognitive function over the lifespan.

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Analysis of human hippocampal volumetry in relation to pattern separation ability in healthy young subjects

2020

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Jiménez et al., 2019) and take place in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Neurogenesis in DG has been reported to be associated with the pattern separation, an ability to detect similar but different characteristics, in rodents (França et al., 2017; Leutgeb et al., 2007) and fMRI analyses on humans found that the blood oxygenation level-dependent effect (BOLD) in the hippocampal DG was correlated with the activity of Cornu ammonis (CA) 4, anterior mid-cingulate gyrus,

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Structural and functional neuroplasticity in human learning of spatial routes

Cited by 50 publications

References 56 publications

Functional connectivity in category‐selective brain networks after encoding predicts subsequent memory

Functional connectivity in category‐selective brain networks after encoding predicts subsequent memory

Differences in Resting State Functional Connectivity between Young Adult Endurance Athletes and Healthy Controls

Analysis of human hippocampal volumetry in relation to pattern separation ability in healthy young subjects

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