Structural and Functional Changes in the Telencephalic Choroid Plexus During Human Ontogenesis

Kappers, J. Ariëns

doi:10.1002/9780470719077.ch2

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The fetal period investigated in this study (20 gestational weeks) corresponds to so‐called stage 3 of the choroid plexus development (17–28 gestational weeks; Catala, 1998). According to the authors of relevant publications, the choroid plexus at the 4th gestational month shows the presence of primary villi; true villi develop afterwards (Kappers, 1958; Shuangshoti & Netsky, 1966; Milhorat, 1976; Catala, 1998). The vascular patterns observed in our material remain in accordance with these observations: relatively simple capillary plexuses protruding in the areas of villous fringe, anterior part and the glomus seem to represent the vascular systems of the primary villi, whereas more complex, elongated and branched systems characteristic of the true villi are not yet observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

Zagórska-Świeży

Litwin

Gorczyca³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anatomy

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The microvascular architecture of developing lateral ventricle choroid plexus was investigated by corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy in human fetuses aged 20 gestational weeks. The areas with different microvascular patterns corresponded to the particular parts of the mature plexus: anterior part, glomus, posterior part, the villous fringe and the free margin. In the posterior part, densely packed parallel arterioles and venules were surrounded by sheath-like capillary networks. Other areas contained compact capillary plexuses of the primary villi: the most prominent, protruding basket-and leaf-shaped plexuses were observed in the villous fringe, whilst less numerous and smaller plexuses occurred in the anterior part and glomus. The capillaries of the plexuses had a large diameter and sinusoidal dilations, and showed the presence of occasional short, blind sprouts indicative of angiogenesis. Short anastomoses between arterioles supplying the plexuses and venules draining them were only rarely observed. In the upper area of the choroid plexus, the superior choroidal vein was surrounded by a capillary network forming small, glomerular or rosette-shapes plexuses. The free margin of the choroid plexus was characterized by flat, multiple, arcade-like capillary loops. The general vascular architecture of the human choroid plexus at 20 gestational weeks seems to be similar to that of postnatal/mature plexus, still lacking, however, the complex vascular plexuses of the secondary villi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

Zagórska-Świeży

Litwin

Gorczyca³

et al. 2008

Journal of Anatomy

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“…On the basis of these studies, it may be concluded that CSF is formed within the entire fluid system and that it is not mainly related to the brain ventricles and consequently to the choroid plexuses. Included with the indirect evidence consistent with this view is also the observation that CSF is formed within the neural tube of fetal pigs (animal) (Weed, 1917) and humans (Kappers, 1958) before the choroid plexuses anlage appears, and the observation that CSF is formed within the ventricular cavities of some lower vertebrates that lack choroid plexuses (Cserr, 1971;Kappers, 1958;Oppelt et al, 1964). Furthermore, in some sharks, where the choroid plexuses are present in the brain ventricles, no open communication has been found between internal and external CSF.…”

Section: Criticism Of the Classic Hypothesis Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, in some sharks, where the choroid plexuses are present in the brain ventricles, no open communication has been found between internal and external CSF. In spite of the existence of the choroid plexuses in isolated brain ventricles there is no tendency for the dilatation of the brain ventricles in physiological conditions (Kappers, 1958;Oppelt et al, 1964). If we add to this the results demonstrating that CSF formation within isolated brain ventricles in cats is, at physiological pressure, in balance with CSF absorption (Orešković et al, 1991;) and that, under physiological conditions in free moving cats, CSF absorption within the ventricles takes place, to a significant extent, also in an open ventricular system (Bulat et al, 2008), it may be expected that a significant and constant exchange occurs between CSF and the surrounding ventricular tissue.…”

Section: Criticism Of the Classic Hypothesis Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fmentioning

confidence: 96%

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

296

274

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“…Lymphohaematopoiesis in the brain and particularly in the diencephalon and pituitary gland, however, has so far only been illustrated in water-inhabiting bone marrow-less vertebrates [1] . Regarding human embryos there is only a solitary imprecise observation in the earlier literature [14] . As we had in our archives a small number of wellpreserved embryonic brains of various developmental stages, we investigated them for the presence of haemato- poietic cells by means of conventional histology and immunohistology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Haematopoiesis within the Developing Human Diencephalon

Seitz

Hummel²,

Stein³

et al. 2006

Pathobiology

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Aim: The sites of haematopoiesis during human ontogeny can be correlated to the sites where haematopoiesis occurs in vertebrate phylogeny. As haematopoiesis has been described in the diencephalon and pituitary gland of water-inhabiting vertebrates we wanted to find out whether such a phenomenon also occurs in human embryos. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded specimens from the diencephalon and pituitary gland of human embryos at the 7th to 22nd gestational week and from adults were investigated by conventional histology and immunohistology for the presence of haematopoietic cells. Results: Cellular accumulations predominantly of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage were identified in the floor of the developing diencephalon of the 7th/8th gestational week. At the older developmental stages of the 18th to 22nd gestational week loose aggregates of haematopoietic cells within the leptomeningeal spaces adjacent to the hypophyseal infundibulum were detected in 2 out of 7 cases analyzed. Conclusions: As it has been proposed that lymphohaematopoietic clusters occasionally occur within the brain in bone marrow-less vertebrates as a response to noxious agents, we speculate that this temporal appearance of haematopoietic cell clusters within the diencephalon floor in early human ontogeny could also be due to fetal immunomodulations.

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Structural and Functional Changes in the Telencephalic Choroid Plexus During Human Ontogenesis

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Evidence of Haematopoiesis within the Developing Human Diencephalon

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