The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

Zagórska-Świeży, Katarzyna; Litwin, Jan A.; Gorczyca, J; Pityński, Kazimierz; Miodoński, A

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00941.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…They formed a large cluster at CS23. The distribution of the clusters observed in 3D reconstruction at CS23 was similar to that of microvascular architecture found in human fetuses at 20 weeks of gestation as previously reported (Zagorska‐Swiezy et al, ). In that study, the CP was divided into five clusters based on the microvascular pattern and density—the anterior part, the glomus, the posterior part, the villous fringe, and the free margin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Morphogenesis of Lateral Choroid Plexus During Human Embryonic Period

Shiraishi

Nakashima

Yamada

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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The morphological and histological changes of the choroid plexus (CP) during Carnegie stage (CS) 18 and CS23 were presented, based on magnetic resonance imaging data and histological serial section of human embryos from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos. The primordium of the CP was initially detected as a small lump at CS19 that grew caudally, so that the CP became crescent shaped. It developed in all directions after CS21, as the dorsal and frontal growth also became prominent. The CP formed a number of undulating surfaces at CS20, irregular bulges at CS21, and then three large clusters with two deep fissures on the caudal surface at CS23. The mean volume of the CP was 0.28260.141 mm 3 at CS19; it reached 16.868.77 mm 3 at CS23. Additionally, the histology was different depending on the regions of the CP at all stages after CS20. The epithelium and angioblasts in the center of the stroma were proliferated in the proximal region, whereas the epithelium was differentiated and lobulated in the distal region where the blood vascular system was organized. The histological differentiation was mapped on the CP reconstructed from histological serial sections. The data suggested the correlation between morphological information obtained from magnetic resonance data sets and distribution of the differentiation. With the help of morphological analysis and histological findings, we have been able to categorize each CP into specific stages. These findings will be useful in clinical evaluation of development during the embryonic period. Anat Rec, 296:692-700, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: lateral choroid plexus; human embryo; magnetic resonance imagingAbbreviations used: CP 5 choroid plexus; CS 5 Carnegie stage; DV 5 diencephalic ventricle; JB 5 junctional base; LV 5 lateral ventricle; MR 5 magnetic resonance; 3D 5 three-dimensional.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Morphogenesis of Lateral Choroid Plexus During Human Embryonic Period

Shiraishi

Nakashima

Yamada

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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“…Although no roles have been found for these geometrical differences yet, it is interesting to note that CP volumes may vary within the human population, physiologically for some regions, such as Bochdalek’s flower basket ( Horsburgh et al, 2012 ; Barany et al, 2017 ) or pathologically (with a connection to psychosis) for lateral CP ( Lizano et al, 2019 ). In humans, the glomus of the lateral ventricles CP contains extremely tortuous capillary beds ( Marinković et al, 2005 ) (defined “chaotic” in Zagorska-Swiezy et al, 2008 ), strikingly differing from the rest of CP. It would be interesting to see whether a similar organization is found as the one presented here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction of the Clarified Rat Hindbrain Choroid Plexus

Perin

Ricci

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The choroid plexus (CP) acts as a regulated gate between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite its simple histology (a monostratified cuboidal epithelium overlying a vascularized stroma), this organ has remarkably complex functions several of which involve local interaction with cells located around ventricle walls. Our knowledge of CP structural organization is mainly derived from resin casts, which capture the overall features but only allow reconstruction of the vascular pattern surface, unrelated to the overlying epithelium and only loosely related to ventricular location. Recently, CP single cell atlases are starting to emerge, providing insight on local heterogeneities and interactions. So far, however, few studies have described CP spatial organization at the mesoscale level, because of its fragile nature and deep location within the brain. Here, using an iDISCO-based clearing approach and light-sheet microscopy, we have reconstructed the normal rat hindbrain CP (hCP) macro- and microstructure, using markers for epithelium, arteries, microvasculature, and macrophages, and noted its association with 4th ventricle-related neurovascular structures. The hCP is organized in domains associated to a main vessel (fronds) which carry a variable number of villi; the latter are enclosed by epithelium and may be flat (leaf-like) or rolled up to variable extent. Arteries feeding the hCP emerge from the cerebellar surface, and branch into straight arterioles terminating as small capillary anastomotic networks, which run within a single villus and terminate attaching multiple times to a large tortuous capillary (LTC) which ends into a vein. Venous outflow mostly follows arterial pathways, except for the lateral horizontal segment (LHS) and the caudal sagittal segment. The structure of fronds and villi is related to the microvascular pattern at the hCP surface: when LTCs predominate, leaflike villi are more evident and bulge from the surface; different, corkscrew-like villi are observed in association to arterioles reaching close to the CP surface with spiraling capillaries surrounding them. Both leaf-like and corkscrew-like villi may reach the 4th ventricle floor, making contact points at their tip, where no gap is seen between CP epithelium and ependyma. Contacts usually involve several adjacent villi and may harbor epiplexus macrophages. At the junction between medial (MHS) and lateral (LHS) horizontal segment, arterial supply is connected to the temporal bone subarcuate fossa, and venous outflow drains to a ventral vein which exits through the cochlear nuclei at the Luschka foramen. These vascular connections stabilize the hCP overall structure within the 4th ventricle but make MHS-LHS joint particularly fragile and very easily damaged when removing the brain from the skull. Even in damaged samples, however, CP fronds (or isolated villi) often remain strongly attached to the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) surface; in these fronds, contacts are still present and connecting “bridges” may be seen, suggesting the presence of real molecular contacts rather than mere appositions.

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“…The anti-angiogenic is shared by PEDF (Dawson et al, 1999), which is secreted by ependymal cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) (Ramirez-Castillejo et al, 2006). It appears, therefore, that serine protease inhibitors may reduce CSF production by pruning the dense capillary network that surrounds the choroid plexus vessels (Zagorska-Swiezy et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Autoregulatory Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference of Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets from CSF proteomics for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Horowitz

Saugier‐Veber

Gilard

2020

Preprint

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We hypothesize that the composition of the CSF provides specific information on damage sustained by the hydrocephalus-harboring brain and on its autoregulatory responses to the intracranial pressure (ICP) exerted on the parenchyma. The data analyzed to form this hypothesis was generated in a previous study by comparative proteomics of CSF collected from the brain of healthy and Mpdz knockout (KO) mice 1 . These mice phenocopy the severe hydrocephalus linked to human loss-offunction mutants of the same gene 2, 3 . The overall protein concentration was 2.5-fold higher in the CSF of Mpdz KO versus healthy mice. Practically all the 313 proteins identified by mass spectroscopy were overabundant in the CSF of the KO mice. Proteins that were more than 2-fold overabundant in the CSF of hydrocephalic mice were classified into seven functional groups. The overabundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, complement factors, and apolipoproteins indicated that the hydrocephalic brain underwent ischemia, inflammation, and demyelination. The overabundance of cytokine-binding proteins was linked uniquely to the activation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. The overabundance of angiotensinogen and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) indicated the activity of negativefeedback mechanisms to reduce CSF production by the choroid plexus. These observations raise intriguing propositions: the composition of the CSF could be used as biomarker of case-specific injuries of ventriculomegaly in fetuses or neonates; once the overabundance of these biomarkers is detected, the IGF and angiotensin signaling pathways could be exploited to reduce CSF production as a noninvasive therapy, replacing or aiding current invasive treatments of hydrocephalus.

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The microvascular architecture of the choroid plexus in fetal human brain lateral ventricle: a scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion casts

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Morphogenesis of Lateral Choroid Plexus During Human Embryonic Period

Morphogenesis of Lateral Choroid Plexus During Human Embryonic Period

3D Reconstruction of the Clarified Rat Hindbrain Choroid Plexus

Inference of Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets from CSF proteomics for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

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