Stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey

Kar, Nilamadhab; Kar, Brajaballav; Kar, Shreyan

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113598

Cited by 218 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our research also indicates a high level of perceived stress, which is in line with other reports e.g., [ 5 ], and signals the need to monitor a potential occurrence of psychosomatic disorders in successive studies. Carefully analysing our results with reference to Selye’s concept of stress [ 36 ], we suspect that, after initial mobilization and the subsequent stage of resistance, its level will decrease and it will be expressed through psychosomatic disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Odriozola-Gonzáleza et al [ 38 ] observed a higher level of depression, anxiety, and stress in students compared to university staff. Kar, Kar and Kar [ 5 ] showed that the highest rate of mental health problems appeared in 20–30 year-olds, single, with higher education. Other researches [ 12 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] also came to this conclusion which is interesting because younger people do not belong to the group at risk of dying from COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has already led to and will still, inevitably, lead to numerous negative consequences: economic, social, connected with health policy and associated with physical and mental health. Reports from the beginning of the pandemic and earlier ones, concerning previous epidemics (e.g., Ebola 2014/2016, H1N1influenza 2009/2010, bird flu 2006, severe acute respiratory syndrome -SARS 2003), indicate that the experience of large scale catastrophes is accompanied by increases in depression and anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a broad spectrum of other mental disorders, including addictions [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Salari et al [ 12 ], on the basis of a systematic review and meta-analysis of reports on anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic confirmed the prevalence of the aforementioned disorders and pointed towards a significant increase in suicidal thoughts and panic attacks among their symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Chodkiewicz

Miniszewska

Krajewska

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The presented research aimed to identify the impacts of the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on respondents’ mental health state and identify variables related to the respondents’ symptoms of anxiety and depression; 618 subjects participated in the research. A specially prepared survey and Polish adaptations of the following methods were used: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 10), MINI-COPE Questionnaire (Brief COPE Inventory), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA), The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Over 24% of the respondents reported having experienced suicidal thoughts since the start of the pandemic. Almost 16% drank alcohol in a risky or harmful way. The average value of perceived stress indicated its high and very high intensity. Over 20% had symptoms of anxiety disorders, and almost 19% had anxiety and depression symptoms. It means that almost 40% of the respondents probably have mental disorders. More women, younger people, and those with disorders prior to the onset of the pandemic were among those who manifested these disorders. They also used passive and avoidance stress coping strategies more frequently. In conclusion, the second wave of the pandemic negatively affected the mental health of the respondents. A high percentage of the respondents manifested anxiety and anxiety-depressive disorders and declared having of suicidal thoughts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Chodkiewicz

Miniszewska

Krajewska

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The original, four‐item PC‐PTSD screener was noted as one of the best‐performing screeners in a systemic review of 15 PTSD screening instruments and has been used in diverse populations 30,31 . Because of its brevity and ease in administration, the revised PC‐PTSD‐5 was used in our investigation and has been used by others during the COVID‐19 pandemic 32‐34 . In a recently published study conducted on the general public from 20 countries 16.4% of women and 17.7% of men screened positive on the PC‐PTSD‐5 32 .…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its brevity and ease in administration, the revised PC‐PTSD‐5 was used in our investigation and has been used by others during the COVID‐19 pandemic 32‐34 . In a recently published study conducted on the general public from 20 countries 16.4% of women and 17.7% of men screened positive on the PC‐PTSD‐5 32 . Currently, a cohort study of stressors, coping, and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic is being undertaken in 10 European countries utilizing the PC‐PTSD‐5 34 .…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency physician stressors, concerns, and behavioral changes during COVID‐19: A longitudinal study

Baumann

Cooper

Medak

et al. 2021

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives The objective was to provide a longitudinal assessment of anxiety levels and work and home concerns of U.S. emergency physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods We performed a longitudinal, cross‐sectional email survey of clinically active emergency physicians (attending, fellow, and resident) at seven academic emergency departments. Follow‐up surveys were sent 4 to 6 weeks after the initial survey and assessed the following: COVID‐19 patient exposure, availability of COVID‐19 testing, levels of home and workplace anxiety/stress, changes in behaviors, and performance on a primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen (PC‐PTSD‐5). Logistic regression explored factors associated with a high PC‐PTSD‐5 scale score (≥3), indicating increased risk for PTSD. Results Of the 426 surveyed initial respondents, 262 (61.5%) completed the follow‐up survey. While 97.3% (255/262) reported treating suspected COVID‐19 patients, most physicians (162/262, 61.8%) had not received testing themselves. In follow‐up, respondents were most concerned about the relaxing of social distancing leading to a second wave (median score = 6, IQR = 4–7). Physicians reported a consistently high ability to order COVID‐19 tests for patients (median score = 6, IQR = 5–7) and access to personal protective equipment (median score = 6, IQR = 5–6). Women physicians were more likely to score ≥ 3 than men on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener on the initial survey (43.3% vs. 22.5%; Δ 20.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.3% to 31.5%), and despite decreases in overall proportions, this discrepancy remained in follow‐up (34.7% vs. 16.8%; Δ 17.9%, 95% CI = 7.1% to 28.1%). In examining the relationship between demographics, living situations, and institution location on having a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3, only female sex was associated with a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.79). Conclusions While exposure to suspected COVID‐19 patients was nearly universal, stress levels in emergency physicians decreased with time. At both initial and follow‐up assessments, women were more likely to test positive on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener compared to men.

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Self‐compassion, coping strategies and gender differences in psychology, counselling and psychotherapy practitioners during COVID‐19: Lessons learnt

Keyes

Yankouskaya

Panourgia

2022

Couns and Psychother Res

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The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought dramatic changes in everyday life and demanded extreme amounts of resilience globally (Chen & Bonanno, 2020). The current investigation highlights the vital role of psychology, counselling and psychotherapy practitioners (PCPPs) who played, and still play, an essential part in providing care for people whose mental health has been adversely affected by the pandemic. Despite the erroneous belief that PCPPs should know how to cope with stress (Pope & Tabachnick, 1994), evidence from the members of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) suggests that they are not immune to occupational stress (Ryan et al., 2019); the inherent stress of dealing with their patients' trauma renders them more vulnerable to work stress and burnout (Lamb & Cogan, 2016). Unsurprisingly, COVID-19 deteriorated the public's mental health (Kar et al., 2021;Sheek-Hussein et al., 2021) and has been classified as requiring disaster management (Sheek-Hussein et al., 2021). Lambert and

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Stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey

Cited by 218 publications

References 29 publications

Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Emergency physician stressors, concerns, and behavioral changes during COVID‐19: A longitudinal study

Self‐compassion, coping strategies and gender differences in psychology, counselling and psychotherapy practitioners during COVID‐19: Lessons learnt

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