Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Chodkiewicz, Jan; Miniszewska, Joanna; Krajewska, E.; Biliński, Przemysław

doi:10.3390/ijerph18073423

Cited by 48 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…It was confirmed that marital status and employment have a stronger influence on mental health than stress coping strategies (14). Similar observations from Poland with the use of the HADS, PSS10, COPE, Audit, SDA, FCV-19S scales confirmed the intensification of depression and anxiety symptoms and the intensification of suicidal thoughts among the respondents (15). Moreover, it has been shown that women are more prone to escalation of depression and anxiety, which may result from their greater sensitivity to stress.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Loneliness, which worsens in a pandemic, may be related to the emergence of suicidal thoughts (12). According to some scientific reports, the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the above-mentioned symptoms (14,15). The research conducted in Japan on a group of 2,708 people using the PHQ-9, STAXI, Brief Cope scale confirms the severity of depressive symptoms in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and Quality of Life Assessment of Poles—A Study Covering Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Background: More than a year after the first case of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) viral pneumonia, the world is still engulfed by the pandemic, and we know that this condition has an enormous impact not only on individuals but also on the social order in virtually every aspect of daily life, deteriorating our mental health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and the subjective assessment of the quality of life in the different stages of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic based on a nationwide online survey.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using an original questionnaire assessing the sociodemographic status and standardized psychometric tools: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). The study was conducted in two stages corresponding to the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: In total, 4,083 respondents participated in the survey. The first observation stage took place between 17 and 26 April 2020 and comprised 2,457 respondents; the repeated survey that took place between 1 and 30 December 2020 comprised 1,626 respondents. In both cases, women constituted the majority of respondents (82.5% in the first stage and 79.6% in the second stage). Statistically significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety were found in second stage, with mean scores of BDI and GAD-7. In the case of MANSA, participants in the different stages of the pandemic showed no significant differences in terms of mean scores. However, women were more susceptible to developing the depression and anxiety symptoms and it was obtained in both waves of the pandemicConclusions: As the Covid-19 pandemic progressed, there was higher level of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Poles.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and Quality of Life Assessment of Poles—A Study Covering Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…They were asked to fill in the survey consisting of two parts: the first part included a respondent's particulars (age, sex, year of study) and ten close-ended questions concerning the symptoms of SSDs and pain (Likert scale) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The second part consisted of standardized psychological questionnaires, PSS10 (perceived stress scale), Mini-Cope (Inventory for measuring coping with stress), DS14 (Type-D scale) [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. As a result of the activities performed, 150 participants (study group-P1) with SSD symptoms and pain were selected from the group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stress Levels and Occurrence of Stomatoghnatic System Disorders (SSDs) among Physiotherapy Students in Poland

Gębska

Kołodziej

Dalewski

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: This study is a quantitative analysis examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of stress and stomatognathic system disorders (SSDs) among students of physiotherapy. Objective: To assess stress severity, strategies of coping with stress and the presence of type D personality among physiotherapy students including those with symptoms of stomatognathic system disorders. Material and Methods: The research was conducted from October to December 2020 on a sample of 188 students of physiotherapy. The data were collected using a survey form related to the occurrence of SS disorders symptoms and standardized psychological questionnaires, such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)- 10, Mini-Cope, and the type-D Scale (DS14), developed for the purpose of this study. Results: Women experiencing at least one of the SS disorder-related symptoms were characterized by a significantly higher level of stress and a type D personality (p < 0.05). Among men, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the basis of the strategies of coping with stress, i.e., positive self-reevaluation, discharging and blaming oneself, and taking psychoactive substances, it is possible to predict the intensity of stress during the pandemic in the group of the examined students. Among the reported symptoms of SS, headache was a significant predictor of stress, which was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of stress by nearly 0.2 measurement points. Students with higher levels of stress showed more symptoms of type D personality, and those with more severe symptoms of SS showed higher levels of stress. Conclusions: People prone to stress and having type D personality traits should be assessed for the presence of SS disorders.

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“…In addition, the 2019 coronavirus influenza pandemic led to the fear of death among people due to prolonged exposure to stress [ 2 , 8 , 9 , 16 , 17 ]. Death anxiety refers to the personal concern regarding existence and death in the face of threatening events, and it is a type of negative emotion [ 16 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curșeu et al pointed out that death anxiety could be further aggravated in the presence of anxiety and negativity among the public in the face of an epidemic [ 16 ]. A survey conducted in Poland by Chodkiewicz et al revealed that as a result of the epidemic, a large proportion of their respondents had symptoms such as anxiety and depression (40%) and suicidal thoughts (24%) [ 17 ]. Continued exposure to such conditions can induce an acute stress response or even post-traumatic stress response (PTSD) [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health consequences during alerting situations and recovering to a new normal of coronavirus epidemic in 2019: a cross-sectional study based on the affected population

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background As a major virus outbreak in the twenty-first century, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study based on the results of an online survey. The survey was conducted 1 month after the outbreak (February 18–29, 2020) and repeated at the time of resuming activity (April 8–14, 2020). The 15-item Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS) was used to assess the degree of death anxiety, and the Chinese version of PTSD checklist-civilian version (PCL-C), for PTSD symptom clusters. Through convenient sampling, a total of 7678 cases were collected. Results Our findings showed that even after the lockdown was lifted, the prevalence of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and death anxiety remained significantly high in the general population affected by the outbreak. Regression model analysis showed that PTSD was significantly associated with age > 50 years, contact history/living community, poor health status of participants, past traumatic experience (PTE), and medical occupation. Moreover, death anxiety mediated the relationship between life-threatening PTE and PTSD, indicating that reducing death anxiety could buffer the negative effects of PTE on PTSD. Conclusions Despite the lifting of the lockdown, long-term adverse psychological effects remain in the affected general population. The management of mental health after major public health events is important, and high-risk groups such as the elderly and healthcare workers should receive targeted interventions. In addition, the study suggests that methods for alleviating death anxiety must be included in plans to manage the psychological impact of public health emergencies.

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Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Polish Studies

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and Quality of Life Assessment of Poles—A Study Covering Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Anxiety and Depressive Disorders and Quality of Life Assessment of Poles—A Study Covering Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stress Levels and Occurrence of Stomatoghnatic System Disorders (SSDs) among Physiotherapy Students in Poland

Mental health consequences during alerting situations and recovering to a new normal of coronavirus epidemic in 2019: a cross-sectional study based on the affected population

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